HORN ANTENNA

Presented By:
Abhinav Kumar
Ajay Dange
Chaitanya Anpate
Chetan Zanwar
 Horn Antenna

Horn- a conical device used to direct waves

• Found in late 1800s.

• Its revival began in the late 1930s from the

interest in microwaves and waveguide
transmission lines.

• J.C. Bose constructed Pyramidal Horn in 1897.

• Horn Antenna is a waveguide whose one end
is flared out.

• The mouth of waveguide is flared out to

improve Radiation efficiency, directive
patterns & directivity.

• An electromagnetic horn can take many

different forms, few of which are shown in
Figure
 E- Plane Sectoral Horn

•The horn is nothing more than a hollow pipe of

different cross sections, which has been tapered (flared)
to a larger opening

•The E-plane sectoral horn is one whose opening is flared

in the direction of the E-field
• Aperture antenna.

• Assume that the fields outside the aperture are zero,

• If
(1) fields of the feed waveguide are those of its dominant
TE10 mode and
(2) horn length is large compared to the aperture
dimensions fields at the aperture of the horn are given by
• At the imaginary apex of the horn there exists a line
source radiating cylindrical waves.

• At any point y at the aperture of the horn, the phase

of the field will not be the same as that at the
origin( y = 0).

• The difference in path of travel, designated as δ(y),

can
C(x) and S(x) are known as the cosine and sine Fresnel integrals and can
be obtained from table
Pyramidal Horn
Aperture Fields
Current Densities
Quadratic Phase Approximation
Directivity:
 Design Procedure
 It is widely used as a standard to make gain
measurements of other antennas
 So referred as standard gain horn
 One usually knows the desired gain Go &
other dimensions a,b of rectangular feed
waveguide.
 So our objective is to determine remaining
dimensions (a1, b1, ρe, ρh, Pe, and Ph)
 the gain of the antenna can be related to its physical area. Thus it can
be written

 selecting values of b1 and a1 that lead,respectively, to optimum

directivities for the E- and H-plane sectorial horns

 For a pyramidal horn to be physically realizable, Pe and Ph must be

equal.
 Thus Go becomes

 Where

 The equation is called as horn-design

equation.
CadFeko Simulation
Step 1:
• As a first step of the design, find the value of χ which
satisfies (13-56) for a desired gain G0 (dimensionless).
• Use an iterative technique and begin with a trial value of

• In our case,
Step 2:
• Once the correct χ has been found, determine ρe and ρh
using

• In our case,
Step 3:
• Find the corresponding values of a1 and b1 using

• In our case,
Step 4:
• The values of pe and ph can be found using

• In our case,
Near Fields
Far Fields
Polar Graph
 Conical Antenna

1.Simple design 2.Compact size 3.Moderate gain

• Directional properties similar to pyramidal horn

• Circular waveguide dominant mode is TE-11.

• Radiation properties strongly depend on amplitude and phase

distribution over aperture

• Gain variation with respect to : 1.axial length 2.Aperture

diameter

• Increasing Dm splits major lobe

• Maximum Aeff=0.84max
Design Equations
 Application:

• Used at microwave frequencies where moderate

gains are sufficient.

• Used as a feed element.

• Used oftenly in laboratories for measurement of

different antenna parameters.

• Common elements in phase arrays

 CONCLUSION:
• Horns are versatile microwave antennas, easy
to design and build with predictable
performance. They should be antenna of
choice for all but the highest gain applications.
 References
• Antenna theory analysis and design by C.A. Balanis
• The Radiation Characteristics of Conical Horn Antennas* A. P. KINGt,
SENIOR MEMBER, IRE
• Conical Horn: Gain and Amplitude Patterns Nafati A. Aboserwal,
Constantine A. Balanis, Life Fellow, IEEE, and Craig R. Birtcher
• Comparison of Conical Horn with Optimized Corrugated Surface and
Corrugated Horn Petr PIKSA Dept. of Electromagnetic Field, Czech
Technical University, Technická 2, 166 27 Praha, Czech Republic
piksap@fel.cvut.cz
• Improved Gain and Loss Factor Formulas for a Conical Horn Nafati A.
Aboserwal, Constantine A. Balanis, and Craig R. Birtcher School of
Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering Arizona State University
•QUESTIONS???