OZONE LAYER

 HABIB NUR ROBBANI

 12. 330. 014
 Kesling (reguler)
The ozone layer is a layer in Earth's atmosphere containing

relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3).

The ozone layer is mainly found in the lower portion of the

stratosphere from approximately 20 to 30 kilometres (12 to 19 mi)

above Earth, though the thickness varies seasonally and

geographically.

The ozone layer was discovered in 1913 by the French physicists

Charles Fabry and Henri Buisson .

What is the ozone layer?
The ozone layer is a deep layer in the stratosphere, encircling

the Earth, that has large amounts of ozone in it. The layer

shields the entire Earth from much of the harmful ultraviolet

radiation that comes from the sun. Ozone is a special form of

oxygen, made up of three oxygen atoms rather than the usual

two oxygen atoms . It usually forms when some type of

radiation or electrical discharge separates the two atoms in an

oxygen molecule (O2),

 Source

Ozone in the Earth's stratosphere is created by ultraviolet light

striking oxygen molecules containing two oxygen atoms (O2),
splitting them into individual oxygen atoms (atomic oxygen);
the atomic oxygen then combines with unbroken O2 to create
ozone, O3. About 90% of the ozone in our atmosphere is
contained in the stratosphere. where they range from about 2
to 8 parts per million. If all of the ozone were compressed to
the pressure of the air at sea level, it would be only 3
millimeters thick.
Although the concentration of the ozone in the ozone layer is

very small, it is vitally important to life because it absorbs

biologically harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation coming from the

sun . UV radiation capable of penetrating nitrogen is divided

into three categories, based on its wavelength, which would be

very harmful to all living things, is entirely screened out by a

combination of dioxygen.
 Regulation
In 1978, the United States, Canada and Norway enacted bans

on CFC-containing aerosol sprays that are thought to damage

the ozone layer. On August 2, 2003, scientists announced that

the depletion of the ozone layer may be slowing down due to

the international ban on CFCs. Three satellites and three

ground stations confirmed that the upper atmosphere ozone

depletion rate has slowed down significantly during the past

decade. .
The Causes of Ozone Depletion

Scientific evidence indicates that stratospheric ozone is being

destroyed by a group of manufactured chemicals, containing
chlorine and bromine. These chemicals are called "ozone-
depleting substances" (ODS). Chlorine and bromine demolish
ozone at an alarming rate, by stripping an atom from the ozone
molecule. A single molecule of chlorine can break apart
thousands of molecules of ozone.
What's more, ODS have a long lifetime in our atmosphere — up
to several centuries.
 Ozone Basics
Ozone is very rare in our atmosphere, averaging about three
molecules of ozone for every 10 million air molecules. In spite
of this small amount, ozone plays a vital role in the
atmosphere.
Ozone is mainly found in two regions of the Earth's
atmosphere. above the Earth's surface and extends up to about
30 miles This region of the atmosphere is called the
stratosphere.
 What roles does ozone play in the
atmosphere and how are humans
affected?

The absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone creates a

source of heat, which actually forms the stratosphere itself (a
region in which the temperature rises as one goes to higher
altitudes). Ozone thus plays a key role in the temperature
structure of the Earth's atmosphere. Without the filtering
action of the ozone layer, more of the Sun's UV-B radiation
would penetrate the atmosphere and would reach the Earth's
surface.
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