Grade 7 Science

Unit :
Mixtures & Solutions:
The Particle Theory
What kind of coin is this?
How big is it?
What color is it?
What is its shape?
What is the texture like?

What is it made of??

We will learn:

 Identify different mixtures in your home

and world around you
 Distinguish between heterogeneous
and homogenous mixtures
 Distinguish between mixtures and pure
substances using the PTM
Mixed or Pure?

 Suppose you pick up a rock on the

beach. You see there are some parts of
it that are grey, white, blue. You
conclude that the different-coloured
parts of the rock must be different types
of matter. Is this a reasonable
conclusion?
Mixed or Pure?
 With a partner, select two of the
following pairs of items and list as many
differences as you can:
 Vinegar and water
 Aluminum foil and plastic wrap
 Steel and glass
 Metal paper clips and saw dust
Particle Theory of Matter
 Allmatter is made
up of tiny particles.
 These particles
are always
moving… they
have energy.
 There are spaces among
particles.
 There are attractive forces
between the particles.
 The particles of one
substance differ from the
particles of other
substances.
 Mixtures vs. Pure
Substances
Mixtures...
 MAY have distinct visible
components.
 MAY appear uniform
throughout.
 They are the physical combination
of two or more pure substances.

+ = ?
Sugar Water
Examples of Mixtures…
•salt water, kool-aid
•chocolate chip cookie
•muddy water
•salad dressing
Examples of Mixtures…
•Air
 Pure Substances...
 ALWAYS appear as
uniform throughout
 They contain either a single
atom or two or more atoms
chemically combined to
form a different substance.
 Limestone- A Pure Substance
(Calcium Carbonate)
 Limestone is a sedimentary rock
composed of calcium carbonate
(CaCO3).
 Has many uses: including as building
material, filler in products such as
toothpaste or paints.
 Water- A Pure Substance
 Water is a chemical substance with the
chemical formula H2O. A water molecule
contains one oxygen and two hydrogen
atoms connected by covalent bonds.
Examples of Pure
Substances
•sugar (C12H22O11)
•gold (Au), copper (Cu)
•carbon dioxide (CO2)
•oxygen (O2)
A Quick Review of chapter so far:

USING THE PARTICLE THEORY OF MATTER WE

CAN DISTINGUISH BETWEEN A PURE SUBSTANCE
AND A MIXTURE

Pure Substance: has only ONE type of particle

Example: gold, iron

Mixture: has 2 or more types of substance in it. We can also

say it has 2 or more types of particles mixed together

Example: sweetened water

Pure Substances:
Pure Substances:

•Pure Substances ALWAYS appear as uniform (the

same) throughout
Mixtures:

Mixtures are the combination of two or more types of

substances.

Sugar – Water- Mixture

pure substance pure substance
The Particle Theory Can help
explain the difference between
pure substances and mixtures:
Student Activity...
Read pages 232, 236 and 237
Make a list of 15-20 solutions
and mixtures that you
encounter in a day. * those
that may pose a safety risk.
Homogeneous &
Heterogeneous
Mixtures
 Homogeneous Mixture
 also called
solutions
 can be solid,
liquid or gas
Stainless steel
 theparticles
are evenly
mixed so that
none of the
original
substances are
visible
Kool-aid
 they appear
to be ONE
substance
 light passes
through
unaffected
Heterogeneous Mixtures
 also called
mechanical
mixtures
 can be solid,
liquid or gas
Granola bar
  the different
parts are visible
to the eye (may
need a
microscope)
 the particles do
Concrete not evenly mix
 Lightwill
reflect
perpendicular
to the
direction of
the beam
Student Activity...
 Create a chart and list the
various homogeneous and
heterogeneous mixtures in
your home.
 Share with your shoulder
partner and add to your list.
 The Tyndall Effect
A phenomenon that can be
used to distinguish between
solutions and what appears to
be a solution
 cannot be used to distinguish
between a solution and a pure
liquid
 In a Solution...
 Light
passes
unaffected (if a student
looks at the beaker
perpendicular to the
direction of the beam
they will NOT see it
In a Mechanical Mixture...
 The light will scatter
as it passes through
the mixture because
all particles are not
dissolved (as shown
on the left)
Both Hetero and
Homogenoeus Mixtures?

Complete Activity 7-1C

Page 238 & 239
Post Activity Discussion...

Enrichment
Colloids