ELECTRONIC BRAKE FORCE DISTRIBUTION

Electronic brake force distribution (EBD or EBFD) or

electronic brake force limitation (EBL) is an automobile brake
technology that automatically varies the amount of force
applied to each of a vehicle's brakes, based on road
conditions, speed, loading, etc. Always coupled with anti-lock
braking systems, EBD can apply more or less braking
pressure to each wheel in order to maximize stopping power
whilst maintaining vehicular control.
 HOW EBD WORKS?
• EBD reduces the strain on the hydraulic brake force proportioning
valve in the vehicle. EBD optimizes the brake design with regard to:
adhesion utilization; driving stability; wear; temperature stress; and
pedal force."
• EBD may work in conjunction with ABS and Electronic Stability
Control ("ESC") to minimize your accelerations during turns. ESC
compares the steering wheel angle to vehicle turning rate using a
yaw rate sensor. "Yaw" is the vehicle's rotation around its vertical
centre of gravity (turning left or right).
 ELECTRONIC BRAKE FORCE DISTRIBUTION
COMPONENTS
Components Functions
Speed Sensors • To determine the slip ratio of a wheel, the EBD system needs two
pieces of
information: the speed at which the wheel is rotating and the speed of
the car.
Brake force modulators • Brake force is applied to the wheels hydraulically, with brake fluid
pumped into brake lines in such a way as to pneumatically activate the
brake cylinders.
Electronic Control Unit • The ECU is a small computer embedded in the antilock braking
(ECU) system. It receives input from the speed sensors, calculates the slip
ratio of the wheels, and
uses the brake force modulators to apply an appropriate amount of
force to keep the slip
ratio of each wheel within a reasonable range.
 BENEFITS OF ELECTRONIC
BRAKE FORCE DISTRIBUTION

• When a truck with heavy loads

apply brakes the system becomes
aware of it through is effect on the
slip ratio of the tires.
• In a speedy car when you apply
brakes it desperation you turn the
steering wheel to one side to go
around the stopped car,even you
while you're still pressing down
on the brake.
 WHEN WOULD EBFD BE USEFUL?

• While braking, one wheel goes over a pothole in the road, destabilizing the vehicle and
making brake less efficient.
• One of your wheels is on ice, making it more likely that it will lock and cause your car to
spin out.
• One of your wheels is on ice, making it
more likely that it will lock and cause
your car to spin out.
• An animal comes out onto the road and
you need to brake and swerve.
• Another motorist does not notice you
when making a lane change, and you
are forced to brake hard.
 EBFD EFFECTIVE
• Heavy breaking will be more comfortable since braking is more
effective with EBFD , your vehicle will stop faster
• Enchanced overall vehicle safety : EBFD will help reduce your
risk of fishtalling , spining ,over stearing and understearing .
• Improved braking predictability and by automatically adjusting
brake force to its optimal distribution , EBFD can help reduce the
effect of these factors and make breaking more predictible.
LIMITATIONS WITH EBFD
As with most vehicle safety systems, realizing the
benefits of EBFD depends on whether drivers
understand its design limits and primary function,
and can interact appropriately with it.

To overcome this problem..

A new technique was taught as a method to prevent
wheels from locking, modern ABS(anti-lock braking
system) with EBFD systems work by pumping the
brake automatically
Is EBFD useful in all situations or not?
Most EBFD systems can be disabled by either
manually disconnecting a fuse or depressurizing
the brakes from within the vehicle.

Since it is unlikely that EBFD will ever make

situation less safe, there are virtually no
advantages to be gained from turning it off.

Most EBFD systems are paired with ABS you

should never disable one without disabling the
other. This is important since ABS setups that
include EBFD anticipate the activation of EBFD
when it is necessary
ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
( ABS )
WHAT IS ABS?
Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS)
• An automobile safety system prevent the wheels of a
vehicle locking as brake pedal pressure is applied.
• Often suddenly in an emergency or short stopping
distance.
• Enables the driver to have steering control, preventing
skidding and loss of traction.
 ABS systems consist of 4 primary
components:

ABS CONTROLLER

• The brain of the system.

• computer read the inputs and then controls
the system to keep the wheels from locking
up and skidding.
 ABS Speed Sensor

There are generally one on each wheel (sometimes there are located on
the differential ) It detect a change in acceleration in the longitunal
direction of the vehicle and output it to the ABSCM as a voltage signal .
 Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) modulator/valve

• Some system have separate valves for

each wheel with a modulator to control
them. Other systems they are
combined. In either case they work
with the controller and the pump to
add and release pressure from the
individual wheels brakes to control the
braking.
 ABS PUMP
• Since the ABS modulator can release pressure from the
individual wheels brake there needs to be a way to
restore the pressure when required. That is what ABS
pump job is. When the pump is cycling, the driver may
experience a slight pedal vibration. This cycling is
happening many times per second and this slight
vibration is natural.
 How ABS works?
• Sensors at each of the four wheels sense the
rotation of the wheel.
• Too much brake application wheel stop rotating
• Sensors ECU releases brake line pressure
wheel turns again.
• Then ECU applies pressure again stops the rotation
of the wheel
• Releases it again and so on
• This releasing and re-application or pulsing of brake
pressure happens 20-30 times per second or more.
• This keeps the wheel just at the limit before locking up
• ABS system can maintain extremely high static pressure and
must be disabled before attempting repairs.
TYPES OF ANTI-LOCK BRAKING SYSTEM
1. Four channel,four sensor ABS

• This is the best scheme. There is a speed sensor on all

four wheels and a separate valve for all four wheels.
With this setup, the controller monitors each wheel
individually to make sure it is achieving maximum
braking force.
2. Three channel,three sensor ABS
• This scheme, commonly found on pickup trucks with four-wheel
ABS, has a speed sensor and a valve for each of the front wheels, with
one valve and one sensor for both rear wheels. The speed sensor for
the rear wheels is located in the rear axle.

• This system provides individual control of the front wheels, so they

can both achieve maximum braking force. The rear wheels, however,
are monitored together; they both have to start to lock up before the
ABS will activate on the rear. With this system, it is possible that one
of the rear wheels will lock during a stop, reducing brake
effectiveness.
3. One channel,one sensor ABS
• This system is commonly found on pickup trucks with rear-wheel
ABS. It has one valve, which controls both rear wheels, and one
speed sensor, located in the rear axle.
• This system operates the same as the rear end of a three-channel
system. The rear wheels are monitored together and they both have
to start to lock up before the ABS kicks in. In this system it is also
possible that one of the rear wheels will lock, reducing brake
effectiveness.
• This system is easy to identify. Usually there will be one brake line
going through a T-fitting to both rear wheels. You can locate the
speed sensor by looking for an electrical connection near the
differential on the rear-axle housing.
Configurations of ABS Types
 Advantages

1.Allow the driver to maintain directional stability and

control over stearing during braking

2.Safe and effective

3.Automatically changes the brake fluid pressure at each

wheel to maintain optimum brake.

4.ABS absorbs the unwanted turbulennce shock wave

 Disadvantages
• Stop Times - Anti brake are made to provide for suer braking in
slippery condition.

• Delicate system - where the compensating brake sensor causes the

vehicle to shudder.

• Cost - ABS is expensive to maintain

• System damage - such as loud system when vehicle trying to stop

 Abs Problem

• There are 2 types of sensor added to help improve the

system

• Wheel angle sensor

• Gyroscopic sensor
EBD
ABS