25-7-2013

LTE ARCHITECTURE AND AIR

INTERFERENCE..

XR221
 Evolved Packet System (EPS)
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 EPS Architecture
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 EPS System consist of EUTRAN and EPC .

 EUTRAN
Performs all radio related functions for active terminals.

 EPC
 Provide access to external data networks.

 Perform functions related to security (authentication,

key agreement)…etc
 EUTRAN
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 E-Node B or simply e-NB consists of power supplies,

Transmitter, Receiver, radio tower, controllers and Radio
Resource Management (RRM).

 RRM is the control System of co –channel interference and

other transmission characteristics in wireless communication
system like; admission control, handover control, power
control and packet scheduling.

 As a result E-Node Bs are able to communicate directly to

each other by X2 interface and with the EPC by s1
interface.
 EUTRAN
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 E-Node B (e-NB) functions are :

 Cell control and MME pool support .

 Mobility Control.

 Control and User Plane security.

 shared channel handling.

 HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Report reQuest).

 Physical Layer Functionality.

 Measurements and reporting.

 Scheduling.

 Segmentation /Concatenation.

 multiplexing and mapping.

 MME-Evolved Packet Core
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 Key control-node for LTE Access Network.

 Responsible for UE (User Equipment) idle mode [Paging, tracking, re-

transmission].

 Involved in the bearer de\activation process .

 Responsible for choosing SGW for UE at Initial attach and at time of
intra-LTE HO involving CN.

 NAS(Non Access Stratum) signaling terminates at MME. Responsible

for generation and allocation of temporary identities to UE’s. It
checks the authorization of UE’s to camp on the service provider’s
Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) and enforces UE roaming
restrictions.
 Evolved Packet Core
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 EPS Bearer in LTE

 It s works as a virtual connection btw UE AND PDN-
GW. To provide a “bearer service” [transport
services with specific QoS attributes].
 Associated parameters associated to bearer are:
 Evolved Packet Core
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 PCRF
 1. LTE Air Interface
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 Orthogonal frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM) is the air interface

for the DL while the Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple
Access (SC-FDMA) is for the UL.

 The RF spectrum is sub-divided into 15 KHz, these are allocated to

UEs in groups of 12 known as Resource block(RB).

 The Direct Current (DC) is the not used carriers in the center of the
BW along with the channel edges (active RB ranging from 6-100).


Channel BW(MHz) 1.4 3 5 10 15 20

Number of RB 6 15 25 50 75 100

LTE Channel Bandwidths

 2. LTE Air Interface
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 Reference signals

 UE measures both the Reference signal received

power(RSRP) and Reference signal received quality
(RSRQ) that are used for mobility.

 Depending on the RSRQ the UE can calculate

channel Quality Indicator (CQI) for all the RBs and
report back to E-NB scheduler. Then it can decide
on the modulation and coding to be used.
 LTE Air Interface
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 Every 1 msec each UL Resource Block (RB) carries

24 de-modulation reference signals that are used to
synchronize the UL transmission to be modulated
later in e-NB.

 Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)which are used for

channel quality determine if channel dependent
scheduling is used.
3. LTE Air Interface )Adaptive modulation)
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 The type of modulation to be used in LTE depend on the

Radio environment.
 LTE support the following modulation techniques in the UL
and DL:
 QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keying)

Use 4 different quadratures to send 2 bits per symbol.

 16 QPSK

Use 16 different quadratures to send 4 bits per symbol.

 64 QPSK

Use 64 different quadratures to send 6 bits per symbol.

 In poor radio environment QPSK is used, in good 16 QPSK
is used and in V. good environment 64 QPSK is used .
 4. LTE Air Interface)Adaptive coding)
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 LTE Air Interface
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 PCRF