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Modeling the Supply Chain

ASCP Fundamentals

Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.


Objectives

After completing this module, you should be able to do the


following:
• View enterprise data
• View item data
• View material data
• View resource data
• View sourcing data
• View supplier data
• View calendar, lead time, and time fence data
• View transportation data
• Model the supply chain

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Module Overview: Topics

• Enterprise
• Items
• Material
• Resource
• Sourcing
• Suppliers
• Calendars, lead times, and time fences
• Transportation

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Overview

Inventory Cost Order Mgt

Organizations Item costs Customers


Items Resource rates Price lists
Item attributes Accounts
Org. assignment

Purchasing Engineering Supply Chain


Supplier list BOM Shipping networks
Supplier capacity Departments Sourcing rules
Delivery calendar Resources Bills of distribution
Routings and Assignment sets
standards

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Topic Overview: Enterprise

• Instances
• Operating units
• Organizations
• Subinventories and locators
• Setting up organizations
• Organizations and subinventories

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Instances

Single
Instance
R12

D1
Singapore

Planning
D2
Miami

S1
Chicago

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Instances

You can launch a supply chain plan to plan organizations


regardless of the instances that they are in. R12
APS
R11 Instance
Instance
AAA AAA:D1

D1 Database links AAA:D2


Singapore
R11i
D2 Instance
Miami CCC

S1 Database links CCC:S1


Chicago

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Operating Units

You can launch a supply chain plan to plan organizations


regardless of the operating units or sets of books that they
are tied to.

Operating
Unit

Inventory Inventory
Item Master
Organization Organization
V1, S1, M2,
Vision Chicago Boston

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Organizations

Distribution center

Final assembly Feeder plant


plant

Distribution center

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Organization Security

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Subinventories and Locators

• Subinventories
• Locators

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Setting Up Organizations

• Organization window
• Organization Parameters window
• Subinventories window

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Organizations and Subinventories

While setting up organizations and subinventories,


consider:
• Inventory transactions occur in subinventories
• ASCP does not plan subinventory transfers
• Inventory Optimization does not calculate safety stock
at the subinventory level
• Demand Planning forecasts by organization, not by
subinventory
• Global Order Promising calculates availability at the
organization level
• Order Management designates one organization for
item validation across the operating unit

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Topic Overview: Items

• Items
• Item attributes
• Organization item
• Order modifiers
• Item attribute mass maintenance

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Items

Items

Distribution Production

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Item Attributes

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Item Attributes for Planning

• Main Tab • Physical Attributes


– Unit of Measure – Weights and measures
• Inventory Tab • Work In Process Tab
– Inventory Item – Build in WIP checkbox
– Stockable – Supply Type
– Transactable • Order Management
• Bills of Material Tab – Customer Orders Enabled
– BOM Allowed – Internal Orders Enabled
– BOM Item Type – Check ATP
• Purchasing Tab
– Purchasable
– Use Approved Supplier

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Item Attributes for Planning

General Planning Tab:


• Make or Buy
• Safety Stock Method
• Order modifiers (lot-sizing rules)
• Planner Code

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Item Attributes for Planning

• MPS/MRP Planning Tab


– Planning Method
– Forecast Control
– Pegging
– Exception Set
– Time Fences

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Plan Type and Planning Method Attribute

• MPP Planned
MPP • MPS/MPP Planned
• MRP/MPP Planned

• MPS Planning
MPS
• MPS/MPP Planning

• MRP Planning
MRP • MRP/MPP Planned
• All planned items

IP • MRP Planning

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Critical Components

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Organization Item

Operating
Unit

Inventory Inventory
Item Master
Organization Organization
V1, S1, M2,
Vision Chicago Boston

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Order Modifiers

Sold in
pallets of
100

Net Planned
requirement order
Item A = 72 Item A = 100

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Item Attribute Mass Maintenance

Planning item attribute values can be modified in the


planning server.
• Use query criteria to select the items for which
planning attributes need to be updated.
• Selectively update one or more of the item planning
attributes.
• Create multiple versions of item attributes for
simulation purposes.
– Group and save item attribute changes as a Simulation
Set.
– Maintain Simulation Sets independently.
• Link a Simulation Set to a plan in the Plan Options.

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Item Attribute Mass Maintenance

The Simulation Set only holds the changes for the


collected planning item attributes.
• When running a plan, these changes overwrite the
collected data values for that specific simulation plan.
Oracle ERP
source data

Simulation
Sets

Collected
data Plans

Advanced Planning

– Note: The collected data itself does not change. Update


the source data if a permanent change is required.

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Item Attribute Mass Maintenance

Collected Data Item Attributes


Item 1 LT = 5, FOQ = 50, Planner = Joe, …

Item 2 LT = 6, FOQ = 25, Planner = Bob, …

Item 1 LT = 8, FOQ = 50, Planner = Joe, … Plan 1


Simulation
Simulation Set 1
Set 1 Item 2 LT = 7, FOQ = 25, Planner = Bob, …
Results

Item 1 LT = 5, FOQ = 40, Planner = Joe, … Plan 2


Simulation
Simulation Set 2
Set 2 Item 2 LT = 6, FOQ = 25, Planner = Joe, … Results

Item 1 LT = 6, FOQ = 75, Planner = Joe, … Plan 3


Simulation
Simulation Set 3
Set 3 Item 2 LT = 6, FOQ = 25, Planner = Bob, … Results

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Item Attribute Mass Maintenance

• Use the “Query” feature to retrieve items for updates:


– Query and display the items included or not included in
the simulation set.
– Base the Query on original values or updated values.
– Save the Query as a folder for later retrieval.
• Use the “Select all” feature to select all displayed
records for mass updates.
• Modify the values of attributes:
– Directly set a new value.
– Increase and decrease original values.
– Restore original values.

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Item Attribute Mass Maintenance
Benefits

• Improve simulation capability.


– Modify item attributes to perform what-if analysis.
– Multiple simulation scenarios can be created, each with
its own set of item attributes.
• Reduce Planning cycle time.
– Rapidly correct or change item attributes without re-
collecting data.
• Update planning specific attributes that are not
available in ERP such as:
– Minimum Remaining Shelf Life (Days)

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Item Attributes Supported for All ASCP Plans

– Critical Component – Forecast Control


– Preprocessing Lead Time – Planning Time Fence Days
– Processing Lead Time – Standard Cost
– Post processing Lead Time – Net Selling Price
– Fixed Lead Time – PIP Flag
– Variable Lead Time – Selling Price
– Fixed Order Quantity – Substitution Window
– Fixed Days Supply – Safety Stock Days
– Shrinkage Rate – Unit Weight
– Fixed Lot Multiple – Unit Volume
– Minimum Order Quantity – Safety Stock Method
– Maximum Order Quantity – Safety Stock Percent
– Service Level – ABC Class
– Carrying Cost – Planning Method
– Demand Time Fence Days – Minimum Remaining Shelf Life

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Item Attributes Supported for DRP Plans Only

– DRP Planned
– Max Inventory Days of Supply
– Max Inventory Window
– Target Inventory Days of Supply
– Target Inventory Window

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Item Attribute Mass Maintenance
Setup and Process
SETUP PROCESS

Define plan and associate the


Define Item attributes
Simulation Set in Plan
Options

Collect source data


Run plan
Define Item Attribute
Simulation Sets
Analyze plan
Modify attributes

Refine Simulation Set


Review changes attributes as required
(optional)

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Practice Overview: Item Attribute Simulation Sets

In this practice you:


• Create an Item Attribute Simulation Set
• Modify an existing Item Attribute Simulation Set
• Associate an Item Attribute Simulation Set with a Plan

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Topic Overview: Material

• Bills of material
• Indented bills of material
• Alternate bills of material

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Bills of Material

B C

D E

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Indented Bills of Material

Seattle Manufacturing, M1: Chicago Subassembly, S1


AS41001 SB41202
• CM86234 • CM41301
• CM41102 • SB41302
• SB41101 – CM41401
– CM41201 – CM41402
– MC41203 • CM41303
— SC94043
– MC41204
— SC94043
– MC41205
— SC94043
– SB41202

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Alternate Bills of Material

B C

D X

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Topic Overview: Resource I

• Workday calendar, work patterns, and shifts


• Defining work hours for a work shift
• Departments and resources
• Routings
• Modeling resource constraints
• Non critical patch resources
• Sequential resources
• Overlapping resources
• Simultaneous resources

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Topic Overview: Resource II

• Alternate resources
• Scheduling time window width for alternate resource
• Resource selection dependency
• Multiple resource scheduling
• One resource to one unit at a time
• Batch resources
• Minimum transfer quantity
• Modeling production resource capacity
• Multiresource scheduling

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Workday Calendar, Work Patterns, and Shifts

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Defining Work Hours for a Work Shift

• Define work calendar


• Attach work calendar to organization
• Define shift name, attached to calendar
• Define workday pattern for the shift name
• Define work shift hours for the shift name

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Departments and Resources

• Define resources
• Define departments
• Assign resources to departments

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Routings
Bill

AS41001 Parent

Work order

SB41101 CM41102 CM86234


Components AS41001
Packaged
PDA
Routing
Operation 10 Operation 20
Dept: Assembly Dept: Shipping
Resource: Assembly Labor Resource: Warehouse Labor
Resource: Tool kit Resource: Forklift
Material: Material:
SB41101 CM41102 CM86234
PDA Asm Stylus Packaging

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Modeling Resource Constraints

Operation Resource Schedule:


• Yes
• No
• Prior
• Next

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Non Critical Path Resources

• Machine paced operation:


– Drill: Schedule = Yes
– Machinist: Schedule = No
• Only the machine time is scheduled

Drill

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Sequential Resources

• Operation 10: Finishing


– Sander, Schedule = Yes
– Paint sprayer, Schedule = Yes
• Usage time is scheduled consecutively

Sander Paint Sprayer

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Overlapping Resources

• Operation 10: Finishing


– Sander: Schedule = Yes
– Paint Sprayer: Schedule = Prior Offset 30%
• Resources are consumed during an overlapping time
period.

Sander

30% Offset

Paint Sprayer

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Simultaneous Resources

• Resources are scheduled for the same time period


• Primary resource group:

Direct labor

Hammer

Chisel

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Alternate Resources

• Replacement resource group

Direct labor

Hammer Rock

Chisel

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Scheduling Time Window Width for Alternate
Resource

• MSO: Schedule Window Width


• Time period that you are willing to wait for the primary
resource to become available

Alternate Resource
(available)

Primary Resource
(not available)

Window

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Resource Selection Dependency

Operation 10 Setup Operation 10 Run


(Primary Resource) (Primary Resource)

OR

Operation 10 Setup Operation 10 Run


(Alternate Resource) (Alternate Resource)

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Multiple Resource Scheduling

Task duration inversely proportional to number of


resources applied
• Assigned units
• Maximum available resource units

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One Resource to One Unit at a Time

Round Order Quantities checkbox = selected:


• Operation can not work on a fractional unit
• Operation time can not be reduced by increasing the
number of resources applied

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Batch Resources

Critical issues for scheduling batch operations are:


• Grouping items for scheduling
• Constraining resources along multiple dimensions
• Honoring minimum and maximum batch sizes
• Delaying or building in advance to make up a batch

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Batch Resources

• Batching window
• Minimum and maximum batch capacity
• Batchable unit of measure

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Minimum Transfer Quantity

Operation 10 Minimum Operation 20


transfer
quantity

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Modeling Production Resource Capacity

• Define work time available


• Define production resources available
• Use efficiency and utilization factors to modify capacity

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Multiresource Scheduling

Processing Operation
Resources Duration

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Topic Overview: Sourcing I

• Modeling the supply chain


• Virtual enterprise structure
• Supply chain structure
• Modeling shipments between organizations
• Modeling shipments between organizations and
external sites
• Supply chain links
• Sourcing rules
• Allocating demand to suppliers
• Sourcing splits
• Allocation rules

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Topic Overview: Sourcing II

• Bills of distribution
• Assignment sets
• Sourcing assignment hierarchy

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Modeling the Supply Chain

Suppliers Manufacturing Distribution Consumers

Internet-based supply chain collaboration

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Virtual Enterprise Structure

Suppliers’ Consumers
Suppliers
Operating
Suppliers Unit Customers

Inventory Inventory
Item Master
Organization Organization
V1, S1, M2,
Vision Chicago Boston

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Supply Chain Structure

Singapore, D1 Distribution Centers Miami, D2

Seattle, M1 Manufacturing Plants Boston, M2

Subassembly
Chicago, S1 Plant

Allied Suppliers Advantage

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Modeling Shipments Between Organizations

• Shipping methods
• Shipping networks

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Modeling Shipments Between Organizations and
External Sites

• Inter-location transit time


• Inter-location transit capacity

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Supply Chain Links

• Sourcing rules
• Bills of distribution
• Assignment sets

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Sourcing Rules

Simple from - to relationships

Make at
Rank 1 Boston, M2
100%

Transfer from
Rank 2
60% Chicago, S1

Buy from
Rank 2 Acme
40%

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Allocating Demand to Suppliers

Supply

60%

40%

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Sourcing Splits

Buy from

Transfer from

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Allocation Rules

• The total allocation percentage for all sources within a


rank must be 100%
• The planning engine sources with the highest rank
have the highest priority in allocation
• Optimization sources with the lowest penalty adjusted
cost have the highest priority in allocation

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Bills of Distribution

Model relationships that would otherwise require multiple


sourcing rules to describe

SR3

SR1 SR4

SR3

SR2

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Assignment Sets

ASCP Plan: XYZ


Assignment Set: ASN-S1
Item: CM41401
Organization: S1
Sourcing Rule: SR-S1
Supplier: Acme

CM41401

Acme Chicago, S1

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Assignment Sets

AS41001 Seattle, M1

Sourcing
CM86234 CM41102 SB41101 Rule
Chicago, S1

MC41205 MC41204 MC41203 CM41201 SB41202

SC94043 SC94043 SC94043 CM41301 SB41302 CM41303


(2)

CM41401 CM41402

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Sourcing Assignment Hierarchy

Global
General
Organization

Item Category
Item
Item Category - organization
Item - organization
Specific

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Topic Overview: Suppliers

• Approved supplier list


• Approved supplier list functions
• Enhanced sourcing
• Supplier sourcing setup
• Supplier-item attributes
• Supplier capacity

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Approved Supplier List

Commodity Approved
Supplier List

Items

Ship-To
Organization or Supplier Site
Global Organizations

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Approved Supplier List Function
Demand
need date
Traditional MRP functionality: Item average
• Align processing lead time

– due date with Planned Supply


order release due date
– date of need
Approved supplier list functionality:
• Supplier- and item-specific:
– Lead times
– Delivery calendars
Valid delivery Demand
– Order modifiers calendar date need date
Supplier-Item specific
processing lead time
Planned Supply
order release due date

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Enhanced Sourcing

• Based on capacity constraints


• Use flexible tolerance fences to model supplier
capacity constraints that can change with advance
notice

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Enhanced Sourcing

• Based on historical allocations


• Disable ASL entries

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Supplier Sourcing Setup

• Define approved suppliers


• Define receiving calendar
• Assign supplier-item attributes
– Delivery calendar
– Order processing lead time and quantity modifiers
– Supplier capacity and tolerance
• Define sourcing rules and bills of distribution
• Specify the assignment set

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Supplier-Item Attributes

• Delivery calendar
• Processing lead time
• Order modifiers
• Supplier flexible capacity tolerance fences

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Supplier Capacity

Required Available Available Required


Required
Available

Balanced Underloaded Overloaded

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Topic Overview: Lead Times and Time Fences

• Lead times
• Lead times in requirements explosion
• Cumulative lead time
• Time fences

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Lead Times

• Preprocessing
• Processing
• Post processing
• Fixed
• Variable
• In-transit
• Lead time lot size

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Lead Time Offset

• Total lead time:


– Preprocessing
– Processing
– Post processing
• Cumulative manufacturing lead time
• Cumulative total lead time
• User-defined lead time

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Lead Times in Requirements Explosion
B Lead time: 6

D Lead time: 6 A
Lead time: 2
C Lead time: 5

E Lead time: 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

July Item LT Start Complete


A 2 17 19
B 6 9 17
C 5 10 17
D 6 2 10
E 4 4 10

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Cumulative Lead Time
Inter-Org transit
M1 – D2
Final Assembly
AS41001, M1
Sub Assembly
SB41101, M1
Inter-Org transit
S1 – M1

11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
S M T W R F S S M T W R F S S M T W R

Purchased Item Shipment date


CM41401, S1 to customer
Sub Assembly D2
SB41302, S1
Sub Assembly
SB41202, S1

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Time Fences

Time fences should be set to the lowest values that are


practical.
• Planning
• Demand
• Release

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Topic Overview: Transportation

• Shipping methods
• Shipping network
• Transit times
• Zones and regions

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Shipping Methods

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Shipping Network

Customers
Singapore, D1 Miami, D2

Distribution Centers

Seattle, M1 Manufacturing Plants Boston, M2

Subassembly
Chicago, S1
Plants

Suppliers

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Transit Times

• Inventory organizations
• External site and inventory organization
• Ship method

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Zones and Regions

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Practice Overview: Modeling the Supply Chain

This practice covers modeling the supply chain.

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Summary

In this module, you should have learned how to:


• View enterprise data
• View item data
• View material data
• View resource data
• View sourcing data
• View supplier data
• View calendar, lead time, and time fence data
• View transportation data

5 - 94 Copyright © 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.

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