Disciplines & Ideas in the

Applied Social Sciences

INTRODUCTION
• SOCIAL SCIENCES have been part of the core
subjects in primary, secondary, and college
education; ex. world history, geography,
economics and civics and government.
• In Applied Social Sciences- draw on the theories
and principles of PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY,
ANTHROPOLOGY, & other soc. Sciences.
CONCENTRATION AREA-FOCUS
Counseling, social work, and
communication-SEAMLESS
interconnectivity of the different applied
soc. Sciences while focusing on the
PROCESS and APPLICATION of the
disciplines
Coherent tools necessary in
understanding, exploring, and
dealing with SOCIAL
PROBLEMS/ISSUES
•Scientific approaches for discussion
and analysis of wide variety issues
•“Development of Sociological
Imagination”
 Mission/Goal
• Demonstrate competencies-
interacting & relating to other
individuals, groups, or communities
• Apply social science principles,
practices, and tools in addressing the
development areas
• Equip with skills-analyze how the
processes work
 Functions & Effects
• generate knowledge in an organic way for evidence-
based actions and solutions to social problems and
issues.
• cause social sciences to do things rather than just
remain a source of factual knowledge.
• generate practical solutions
• knowledge provisions for social sciences becomes the
moral basis for applied science to address the issues
or problems of the society
• communication- provides accessibility to information
and thereby serves the rights of an individual and the
public to be informed and to be heard by their elders
and communities.
• counseling - provides healing, courage, and strength
for an individual to face his/her issues and take up the
best possible option in moments of life crises
• social work - promotes social change, problem solving
in human relationships, and the empowerment and
liberation of people to enhance their holistic well-
being.
 Evaluation

What new learning did you

acquire about the
disciplines of applied social
sciences?
 Elaborate
•Interview applied social science workers
in your community. Go to the barangay
social worker, your parents, or your
school guidance counselor. Describe the
work of the professionals you
interviewed.
 THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING
• OBJECTIVES:
1. DEVELOP A COMPREHENSIVE DEFINITION
OF COUNSELING AS AN APPLIED SOCIAL
SCIENCE;
2. DESCRIBE THE CONTEXTS INVOLVED IN
COUNSELING;
3. IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING;
4. CLARIFY HOW DIFFERENT FACTORS
CONTRIBUTE SUCCESSFUL COUNSELING BASED
ON THE CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES OF
COUNSELING;
5. DETERMINE LIFE SITUATIONS THAT ARE WITHIN
THE GOALS AND SCOPE OF PROFESSIONAL
COUNSELING; AND
6. DEMONSTRATE HOW CORE VALUES OF
COUNSELING CAN BE INFUSED IN COUNSELING
SESSIONS.
THE DISCIPLINE OF COUNSELING
• characterized by the application of one or more
psychological theories and a recognized set of
communication skills appropiate to a client's intimate
concern, problems, or aspirations.
• clients: individual or group in a demoralized, distressed, or in
a negative state of mind
• counseling can be delivered through diff. methods: face-to-
face dialog, group work, telephone, email, or other written
materials.
 COUNSELING
• the process of guiding a person during a stage of life when
reassessments or decisions have to be made about his/her
life (Collins Dictionary of Sociology)
• counselors are professionally trained and certified to
perform counseling
• counseling is an allied to psychology and deals with normal
responses to normal life events
• counseling is generally a non-clinical intervention
• counselors exist in a wide areas of expertise: marriage,
family, youth, student, issues of loss and death, retirement,
divorce, parenting, & bankrupcy
• counseling is considered the heart of the guidance services
in schools
• counseling utilizes appraisal and assessment to aid
counseling by gathering information about clients by
psychological tests and non-psychometric devices.
• psychometrics - branch of psychology that deals with the
design, administration, and interpretation of quantitative
test- to measure intelligence, aptitude, interest, and
personality traits.
• counseling is not to be confused with psychiatry-branch of
general medicine that deals with the treatment of the
mentally ill
 CONTEXT AND THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF
COUNSELING
• PEERS AS CONTEXT - friends, attitudes, norms & behaviors
have strong influence on adolescents
• NEIGHBORHOOD AS CONTEXT- interactions between family,
behavioral problems, introduce additional strengths or
challenges to parenting and resources
• CULTURE AS CONTEXT- provided meaning and coherence of
life to any orderly life
• culture is the source of norms, values, symbols, and language
 Counseling as Context
• Couseling is affected by the context and the sorrounding factors.
• counseling context is explored as part of the basic concepts of
counseling
1. Client Factors- everything that a client brings to the counseling
context.
- he/she is not a passive receiver
- imperative / active part of the process
- the success or failure of the counseling process
depends so much on the client
 Counseling as Context
2. Counselor Factors - personality, skills, & personal qualities can
significantly impact the outcomes of the
counseling
- choice of counseling methods- both science/art
3. Contextual Factors - it defines the outcomes
- environment & atmosphere where to conduct
sessions
- may be ideal or not - comfortable/positive
 Counseling as Context
4. Process Factors - constitute the actual counseling undertaking.
a. developing trust- warmth, genuineness, & emphaty
b. exploring problem areas - clear & deep analysis
c. helping to set goals -setting and managing goal directed
interventions
d. empowering into actions - fostering action to achieve set goals
e. helping to maintain change - providing support & other techniques
in maintaining changes
f. agreeing when to end the helping relationship -assurances/guarantee
 Goals of Counseling

•counseling is aimed at emporwering a client

•self-emancipation from problems
•attain insight and understanding of oneself,
self-awareness & self-acceptance and
appreciation
•develop positive outlook
 Scope of Counseling
• involves application of some psychological
theories and recognized communication skills
• does not deal with clinical cases such as mental
illness
• requires eventual closure and termination of the
counselee-counselor relationship
 Principles of Counseling
• Advice- involve advice-giving as one of the from several functions that
counselor perform- make judgments, lay out
options.
- avoid breeding a relationship
• Reassurance - giving courage to face the problem
- valuable principle because it can bring about a sense of
relief that may empower the client
• Release of emotional tension - helps remove mental blocks
• Clarified Thinking - encourages a client to accept responsibility for
problems and to be more realistic in solving them
• Reorientation - change in the client's emotional self, change in goals
and aspirations
-recognize and accept their own limitations
• Listening skills - understanding the content of clients' problem
- counselors do not make interpretations or offer any
premature suggestions as how to deal or solve the
issues
• Respect - putting personal feeling aside and treat the client with
respect
• Emphaty and positive regard - counselor listen and understand the
feelings and perspective of the client
- given both “unconditional positive
regard with respect
• Clarrification, confrontation, and interpretation
a. clarification- an attempt by the counselor to restate what the client is
either saying or feeling
b. confrontation & interpretation - more advanced principles used
• Transference and countertransference
- transference- empowered to gain understanding of important
aspects of their emotional life

- countertransference - helps clients and counselors to

understand the emotional and perceptional reactions and how
effectively manage them
 Core Values of Counseling
1. Respect for human dignity - compassion, non-judgmental attitude,
empathy, and trust
2. Partnership -
3. Autonomy
4. Responsible caring
5. Personal Integrity
6. Social justice