Introduction

toLiterature
withPhilippine
Literature
ignatius joseph nestroga
 BELIEFS
Dreams &
Aspirations
Traditions

Customs
Philippine
Literary
History
Literary Forms during the
Pre-colonial Period
 Oral Folk
Literature Folk Tales
Songs
 Statements consist
of superficial words

Keen Demands a
Observations deeper answer

Past
time/Game
(Pedro
Nagtagohides but you
si Pedro, canang
labas stillulo.
see his head. )

Hindi pari,not
Not a priest, hindi hari,
a king but nagdadamit
wears different ng sari-
kinds of
clothes.
sari.

It has
Iisa ang
one
pasukan,
entrance,
tatlo
butang
haslabasan.
three exit.

What's full of holes but still holds water?

You see a boat filled with people. It has not sunk,
but when you look again you don’t see a single
person on the boat. Why?
It is easy to understand because it is straightforward and
not figurative in nature.
Usual Themes:
• Ceremonies needed to appease the
deities.
• Pre and Post apocalypse
• Life and Death
• Gods and Goddesses
• Heroes and Heroines
• Supernatural beings
• Animals
1. Myths- Story of gods and goddesses explaining,
beliefs and cultural practices.
2. Legends-Stories explaining origins.
3. Fables- These stories use animals as characters
that represent a particular value or characteristic.
4. Epics- are very lengthy narratives that are based
on oral traditions. These contain encounters of
fighters, stereotypical princes or heroes that save
a damsel in distress.
• Myths
 The Story of Bathala
 Ang Pag-aaway ng Dagat at Langit
• Legends
 The Legend of Maria Makiling
 The Legend of the Sampaguita
• Fables
 Ang Pagong at si Matsing
 Langgam at Tipaklong
• Epics
 Hinilawod
 Biag ni Lam-ang
GASPAR AQUINO DE BELEN
Graciano Lopez Jaena
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
Jose Rodriquez
 Andres Bonifacio

• Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan

(Obligations of our Countrymen)
– an outline of obligations just like the Ten
Commandments, hence, it is likewise called Ang
Dekalogo.
• Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog (What the
Tagalogs should Know)
– an essay outlining the basic tenets of Bonifacio’s
ideas on nationalism.
 DR. Jose Rizal

• First Novel: Noli Me Tangere which

means Touch me not.
• Second novel: El Filibusterismo
which means The traitor (the work of
the mind)
• English Alphabet was introduced
• The Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards who
colonized for more than 300 years.
• June 12, 1898 raised the Philippine flag as a symbol of our
independence. Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was selected the first
president of the Philippine Republic but this was short lived.
1906 – Banaag at Sikat – by Lope K. Santos
• ROMANTIC POETRY
Pag-ibig – by Jose Corazon de Jesus.
• SHORT STORIES
a) 1925 – Dead Stars – by Paz Marquez Benitez.
b) 1927 – The Small Key – by Paz Latorena
c) 1933 – Footnote to Youth –by Jose Garcia Villa
d) 1940 – We Filipinos are Mild Drinkers –by Alejandro
Roces
• Literary Works
Philippine literature flourished even more during the postwar and
contemporary period. Writers were able to produce short stories,
novels, essays, and poems that continue to be read by Filipinos
today.
Examples:
Some works written in the postwar and contemporary period are:
• May Day Eve by Nick Joaquin, 1947
• Waywaya by F. Sionil Jose, 1983
• We Filipinos Are Mild Drinkers by Alejandro Roces, 1948
• The Return by Edith L. Tiempo
• History and Philippine Culture by Horacio de la Costa, 1965
• Without Seeing the Dawn by Stevan Javellana, 1947
4. First Novel: Noli Me Tangere which means Touch
me not. (a work of the heart)
5. Second novel: El Filibusterismo which means The
traitor (the work of the mind)