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Umar Al-farooq (RA)

The Second
Caliph
of Islam
• Umar Son of Khattab bin Nafeer and
Khanshana bint e Mugheera
• Clan of Adi
• One of the Educated person of Arab
• Accepted Islam in 6th Year of
Nabuwwat
• A brief look at the life of one who
spread Islam to the corners of the
world.
• Umar was one of the Ashara e
Mubashara
• Hazrat Muhammad (‫ )ﷺ‬gave him the
title of Al-Farooq
• Saying of Holy Prophet (‫)ﷺ‬
• There were to be a prophet after me
indeed he would be Umar bin
Khattab (RA).
THE GREAT
ADMINISTRATOR
OF ISLAM
Second Khalifa e Rashid
• Abu Bakr the First Caliph lives no
more than two years after the death
of Muhammad (‫)ﷺ‬.
• He nominated Umar (RA) as the
second Caliph of Islam
• Umar was the best administrator of
the state and this was the golden age
of Islam
Hazrat Umar(RA)’s
Administration
 22nd of Jamadi-uth-Thani 13 Hijri
– 26 Dhul Hijjah 23 Hijri
Challenges
His Own Image
Super Powers
 (Persian Empire & Byzantine
Empire (Eastern part of the Roman Empire)
Famine

Plague
Basic Principles of
Hazrat Umar’s Reign
 Self Accountability
 No Private Business
for Government Officials
Same LAW for all
• Self Accountability
 Examples
• 1.Old Woman
• 2.Hazrat Umar (RA)’s Son
• No Private Business for Government
• Officials
• Same LAW for all
 Examples
• 1.Hazrat Ayaz Bin Ghanam (RA)
• 2.Amar Bin Aas (RA)’s Son
Important Conquests of Hazrat Umar(RA)’s Reign
Conquest of Damascus  The Battle of Qaadisiyah
Conquest of Saida, Irqah Conquest of the Persian
and Beirut (Lebanon today) capital 
Campaigns in Iraq Conquest of Jerusalem
The Conquest of The Conquest of Egypt
2/3 of Byzantie
Comparison with the Caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA)

Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) Hazrat Umar (RA)


Pact in Jerusalem
 The inhabitants' life,
property and churches were
given protection
 Islam was not to be forced
on them
 The inhabitants were to pay
the “Jizya" or poll tax
 The Greeks were to be
turned out of the City
Reforms of Hazrat Umar(RA)
during his Administration
"Awliat-i-Umar 
Formal Bayt ul Mal
Trading Reforms
Taxes Reforms
Departments
Other Institutions
Agriculture
Provincial Administration
Division into Provinces.
The following were, the provinces and their governors in 23
A.H., i.e. near the end of Hadrat Umar's Caliphate.
1. Hijaz with Makkah as its capital; Nafi' bin Abu Harith.
2. Syria with Damascus as its capital;Mu'awiyah bin Abu Sufyan.
3. Iran with Basrah as its capital; Abu Musa al-Ash'ari.
4. Iraq with Kufa as its capital; -Mughirah bin Shu'bah.
5. Egypt with Fustat as its capital;Amr bin al-'As.
6. Palestine with Jerusalem as its capital; 'Alqamah bin Majaz.
7. Jazirah (i.e. Mesopotamia) with Hims (Hems) as its controlling capital;
Governor -- 'Umair bin Sa'd.
8. The central province of Arabia with Medina as its capital.
Hierarchy of Administration

STATE

PROVINCE

DISTRICT
Model of Administration

Katib ud Sahib ul Sahib ul Sahib


Katib Bait ul Mal Qadi
Diwan Kharaj Ahdath
Katib Chief Secretary.
Katib-ud-Diwan Military Secretary.
Sahib-ul-Kharaj Revenue Collector.
Sahib-ul-Ahdath Police Chief.
Sahib-Bait-ul-Mal, Treasury Officer.
Qadi Chief Judge.
Departments
Military Department

Tax Deptartments

Education Department

Police Deparmtment

Financial Department
Military Department
Different Ranks

Cantt Areas

Fixed Salaries

Check Posts (Conquered Cities)

Appointment of Head of Military

Military in Different Cities


Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s
Administrtion

Jizya
 (Indemnity or Defence Tax)
Diwan al Kharaj
Non Muslims
(Zakat(Poor
 Tax) Diwan al-Zakah
Khiraj(Land
 Tax); Diwan al Kharaj
Ushr
 (Special land Tax);
Taxes In Hazrat Umar’s Administrtion
War Booty –Ghanima
(Income from the conquered places)-Diwan al-Jund

Ushoor
10 percent Resident Non Muslim 5 %

Rakaz
Tax on Land Mines and Treasure Troves

Ushoor & Reekaz (Diwan al Bareed & Diwan al Khatm)


Education Department

Schools

Salaries for Teachers

Educational Developments all over the State


Police Department
First one to introduce Police Force

Prison

Fixed Salaries
Financial Department
Ghanima

Bayt ul Maal

Salaries

Collection of revenue

Salaries for Financial Department Employees


Develpoments
Construction Canals
Populated Cities
He was also the first to make use of the whip for
corporal punishment and set up a prison.
 He introduced a system of collecting direct information
concerning the State.
He established a secret intelligence service. 
He had wells bored, built houses
Fixed a daily payment for the destitute among the
Christians and the Jews. 
Introductions
Hijri Calendar
Fixed Salaries for Men involved in voluntary
service
Census system,
 Measuring of the land and keeping its record
 He was first to allow traders of rival countries
to enter Muslim territories for the purpose of
business.
Formal Taraweeh Prayers
Shurah (Advisory Council)
 Higher Advisory Council

General Advisory Council

3rd Advisory Council


Between The Higher & General Advisory
Council
Higher Advisory Council
 Important Decisions of the State

Permanent Members
Hadrat Uthman, Ali, 'Abdur Rahman bin Auf, Mu'adh bin Jabal,
Ubayy bin Ka'b, Zaid bin Thabit, Talha and Zubair (Raziallah Anho).

General Advisory Council


General Matters

Ansar & Muhajireens


The Companions who participated in the battle of Badr were given
priority in this "Shura.In this "Shura" were also included the chiefs
of various clans and tribes.
3rd Advisory Council
 Ranked between the other two Shuras
Some selected Companions among
the Muhajirin and Ansar
Matter of Special Interest

The Way to call the Shura:

As-Salatu Jami'ah," in the Prophet's Masjid


Saying of Hazrat Muhammad (SAWW)
about Hazrat Umar (RA)
"Amongst the nations before your time,
there have been inspired
people (who were not Prophets), and if
there is one amongst my Ummah, he is
Umar". (Bukhari and Muslim)
Thanks

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