FLATNESS

MEASUREMENT

ALEX
P.M.

0206
FLATNESS ?
 Flatness measurement : jackscrew method

Jackscrews are preleveled Part is mounted on

using a height gage. jackscrews
 jackscrew method :

Part surface has been leveled

to the surface plate.
Comparing the surface to
the optimum plane.
Flatness measurement : wobble - plate method

Leveling Wobble plate in use.

 Flatness measurement : fixed - plane method

Part resting on three

equal pins. FIM being obtained from
the inverted surface.
Flatness measurement : direct - contact method
Direct - contact method

Mastering the probe

with a precision
parallel

Inspecting the part.

 Optical flatness inspection

Viewing the bands on the surface of the part with a

optical flat.
 Optical flatness inspection

Wedge method

Contact method
 Interpreting the Bands for Flatness Error

Straight, parallel & One band of error equals

equally spaced bands 11.57 millionths out of
shows that the surface flatness.
is flat.
Interpreting the Bands for Flatness Error

Concave : out of Spherical concave : out of

flat by 2 bands. flat by 2 bands
Interpreting the Bands for Flatness Error

Spherical convex : out Peaks & valleys : out

of flat by 2 bands of flat by 5 bands
(23.14 millionths). (57.85 millionths).
STRAIGHTNESS
MEASUREMENT

ALEX P.M.
0206
STRAIGHTNESS ?
STRAIGHTNESS MEASUREMENT
Axis Vs surface element straightness
Straightness of surface element :
cylindrical parts
 Straightness of surface element :
jackscrew method

Jackscrews are preleveled Establishing zero on the

using a height gage. part surface at one end.
Straightness of surface element :
jackscrew method

The indicator is
traversed along
the surface
elements of the
shaft (at the top
dead center) for
straightness error
measurement
 Straightness of surface element :
Precision straightedge method

A precision straightedge can be used

when tolerances are relatively loose.
Straightness of surface element :
Comparator method
 Straightness of surface element :
Two - Block method

The part is placed on top of Dial indicator indicates line

two equal height blocks. elements of the surface.
 Straightness of surface element :

Noncylindrical parts

 Jack screw method

 Precision straightedge method

Conical parts

 Optical comparator method

 Precision straightedge method
 Wobble plate method
Straightness of an axis :
 Straightness of an axis :
Differential measurement methods

Exploring a line element of the shaft.

 Straightness of an axis :
Differential measurement methods
 Straightness of an axis :
Precision spindle method
 Straightness of an axis :
Precision spindle method

Example of a graph for Polar graph showing that

axial straightness error. the part is acceptable.
 Straightness of an axis :
Precision spindle method

(A) Bowed shaft (B) Eccentric

 Straightness of an axis :
Precision spindle method

(C) Out of round (D) Hourglass condition

Straightness of a centerplane :
 Straightness of centerplane :
Differential measurement methods

Indicating line elements of the part on the surface plate.

Some possible outcomes of centerplane straightness measurement
THANK U