STRUKTUR BUMI & LITOSFER

BUMI DALAM PERSPEKTIF

RUANG ANGKASA

* ATMOSFER & HIDROSFER

* BIOSFER

* KONTINEN & SAMUDERA

 GAMBARAN PERMUKAAN BUMI

MEMBERIKAN REKAMAN DARI DINAMIKA BUMI

GAMBARAN UTAMA
PERMUKAAN BUMI

• KONTINEN
Shield, Stable platform,
Folded mountain

• SAMUDERA
Oceanic Ridge, Abyssal,
Seamounts, Trench,
Continental Margin
Evidence on Seafloor
Seafloor Age Map
Deformation history of the Eastern Belt,
Peninsular Malaysia
Ibrahim Abdullah

Program Geologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Bangi, 43600, Selangor DE.
Malaysia
 TE CTO N IC B E LTS
O F MALAYS IA P E N IN S U LA

Tree Belts:Western,Central,
Eastern
Originally proposed by
Scrivenor (1928)
Western boundary:

WEST
- Connecting serpentinite bodies
- Known as Bentung Line,

ERN

C ENTR
Hutchison ((1975)

BEL
- Could extend southwards,

EASTER
T

AL B
> Across straits of Malacca
> Through Lalang Fault Zone

ELT

NB
> Known as Bentung Suture

ELT
(Tjia, 1987)
Eastern boundary-Lebir Fault zone
2. General Geology of the Eastern Belt

= Oldes sediment-Carboniferous and Permian

> Clastic, volcanic and minor lst.
> Plant fossils ( Chand, 1978; Jennings, 1985)
> Fauna (trilobites, brachiopod, bryozoans, bivalves
(Idris and Zaki, 1986)
Clastic

Plant
fossils
- Linear belt of Triassic-Jurassic (Chung1973)
- Late Permian-tuffaceous sst., slst. And
mst.+cgl. (Tiemoko et.al, 1992)
- Jurassic-Cretaceous continental deposits-
Gagau group (Rishworth, 1974)

Pulau
Redang
STRUKTUR BUMI : C-M-
C
(compositionally)

• Kerak (Crust)
• Selubung (Mantle)

• Inti Bumi (Core)

STRUKTUR BUMI
STRUKTUR INTERNAL BUMI

PENJALARAN GELOMBANG SEISMIK DIDALAM BUMI

 STRUKTUR BUMI

PERUBAHAN KECEPATAN GEL. P & S PADA KEDALAMAN

LITHOSFER & ASTENOSFER
(mechanical properties)

• LITHOSFER
Lapisan terluar (100 km) kuat,
kaku (rigid), terdiri dari kerak
bumi & sebagian mantel atas

• ASTENOSFER
Lapisan lunak pada mantel
atas (100-200 km), dibawah
litosfer, dekat titik lebur batuan
 rocks cold, rigid, brittle
hot, plastic

ultrabasic
igneous rocks hot, high pressure,
rigid, brittle
Depth (km)

liquid
Fe, Ni

solid
 KERAK BUMI
Kerak bumi merupakan lapisan paling luar: keras,
padat, relatif dingin, ketebalan 70 - 100 km,
tersusun dari batuan beku, batuan sedimen, dan
batuan ubahan.

Kerak bumi dibedakan menjadi dua:

Kerak Samudra dan Kerak Benua
STRUKTUR BUMI

LITHOSFER & ASTENOSFER - KERAK & MANTEL

GAMBARAN PERMUKAAN BUMI

RANGKAIAN PEGUNUNGAN
GAMBARAN PERMUKAAN BUMI

JALUR STRUKTUR UTAMA

STRUKTUR
GAMBARANBUMI
PERMUKAAN BUMI

DISTRIBUSI PUSAT GEMPA

STRUKTUR
GAMBARANBUMI
PERMUKAAN BUMI

RANGKAIAN GUNUNG API

TEKTONIK LEMPENG (PLATE TECTONICS)

BATAS DIVERGEN, KONVERGEN & STRIKE-SLIP

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

GERAK DIVERGEN, KONVERGEN & STRIKE-SLIP

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

CONTINENTAL MARGIN – SREADING CENTER

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

SPREADING CENTER (PUSAT PEMEKARAN)

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

SREADING CENTER & VOLCANISM

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

PERTUMBUHAN SAMUDERA
TEKTONIK LEMPENG

CONVERGENT, CONTINENT-OCEAN,
OCEAN-OCEAN, CONTINENT-CONTINENT
KONFIGURASI (MOSAIK) LEMPENG

BATAS LEMPENG (LITHOSFER)

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

SUBDUCTION &VOLCANISM
TEKTONIK LEMPENG

SUBDUCTION & EARTHQUAKE

TEKTONIK LEMPENG : polyhistory

COLLISION & STRIKE-SLIP

TEKTONIK LEMPENG

INTRAPLATE VOLCANISM