Applications of Viscosity

Submitted to: Mam Saima

Submitted by: Jawad Ahmad Butt
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Roll NO: 2018-ME-37
 Viscosity

• Viscosity, resistance of a fluid (liquid or

gas) to a change in shape, or movement
of neighboring portions relative to one
another. Viscosity denotes opposition to
flow. The reciprocal of
the viscosity is called the fluidity, a
measure of the ease of flow.

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• Viscosity of often referred to as the thickness of a fluid.
You can think of water (low viscosity) and honey (high
viscosity). At a molecular level, viscosity is a result the
interaction between the different molecules in a fluid.
This can be also understood as friction between the
molecules in the fluid. Just like in the case of friction
between moving solids, viscosity will determine the
energy required to make a fluid flow.

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 Applications of Viscosity

• There are two important applications of viscosity in the

field of mechanical engineering.

1. To determine the type of flow (Renold’s Number).

2. In Journal Bearing operation

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Reynold’s Experiment

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 Reynolds Number (Re)

• Viscosity: resistance of a liquid to change of form.

• Inertia: resistance of an object (body) to a change in its state of motion.
• These two forces together influences an organism’s ability to move in water and
how water flows.
• The ratio of inertial force to viscous force is Re of an object.

Fi SU 2 U l
 
Fv  SU  
 
 l 
• U = velocity of object relative to the fluid; l = object length; S = surface area; µ =
dynamic viscosity; p = object density

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• High Re values are associated with dense, fast and long
(streamline) objects.

• Low Re values are associate with small and slow objects,

particularly those with a high surface to volume (S:V) ratio.

•As we can observe from previous example that Reynolds

Number is inversely proportional to viscosity force, so more
viscos the fluid ,there will be low small Reynold Number.

Viscosity Inertia

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Relationships between Re and flow type.

• For any given object; lower

Re will translate to more
laminar flow.
• Re is lower when velocity
decreases.
• Flow is more laminar at
higher Re when the object is
streamline (long).

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 Use of Viscosity in Journal Bearing

• The bearings in which the working surfaces is completely separated

by from each other by lubrication lubricant are called journal
bearings or hydrodynamic bearings.
• Viscosity is useful in bearing operation. As we know bearing (Journal
Bearing) is continuously rotating,there will be friction between two
rotating surfaces. This friction is reduced by using lubricant of
optimum viscosity. This lubricant helps to form viscous layer which
creates film between the rotating
parts and helps in heat dissipation.

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• There are basic assumptions used in the theory of hydrodynamic lubricated
bearings .

1.The lubricant obeys newton’s law of viscos flow.

2.The lubricant assumed to be incompressible.

3.The viscosity is assumes to be constant throughout the film.

4.The flow is one dimensional,i.e. the side leakage is neglected.

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR
TIME
ANY QUESTIONS ???????????????????

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