Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MANAGEMENT
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost
Main Questions
1900 17 83
1930 30 70
1970 49 51
2000 62 38
2020 75 25
50%
50-64 65+
30%
20%
10%
0%
2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035
-10%
-20%
-30%
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Management
Core Functions
Sales/
Product Prod.- Production/ Key Service/
Mgmt
R&D Design
Planning Engineering
Marketing
Account Support
Mgmt
Supportive Functions
Human Public
Quality Controlling/ Facility/
Mgmt
IT Accounting
Resource
Security
Relations/ Purchase Logistics
Mgmt Comm.
Low
Talent
Availability
High
Low Strategic High
Relevance
Added
Value
Performance
600
500
Manager
Employees
400
Number 300
200
100
0
20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70
Age
Senior
Promotion
Hiring out Losses
From outside Retirement,
Promotion Turnover
Professional in
Junior
Growth
Demand 18 23 28 29
Internal Availability 15 12 8 7
External Demand 3 11 20 22
Risk
Leading Indicators
Determine the ratio between Performance and required
numbers of employees based on programmatic
assumptions (e.g. professors/students, nurses/patients).
Trend Analysis
Applying statistical models that predict labour demand for
the future, given objective statistics from the previous
years
Task Analysis
Tasks are identified and quantified in terms of
appearance and workload
Conclusion by Analogy
Determine workforce requirements according to those of
similar organizational units or companies
2014 12.954 65 20 85 12
Demand 5 2 1
Duration/
Assumptions # Tasks # Duration (h)
Task (Min)
Core Tasks 28
Guests/Day 200 Prepare Table 1/Table 67 2 2
Guests/Table 3 Take order 1/Table 67 3 3
Tables/Day 67 Prepare Pizza 1/Guest 200 4 13
Hours/Day 15 Billing 1/Table 67 3 3
Chat 1/Table 67 2 2
Drinks/Guest 2 Prepare Drinks 400 0,5 3
Additional Tasks 10
Breaks 5% 1
Administration 10% 3
Misc. 20% 6
Total 38
Working
8 Workforce Demand (FTE) 4,7
Hours/Day
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisitio
n Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Employee Value
Proposition
Job
Job-ID
Location
Social Media
Tasks and
Responsibilities
Requirements,
Education,
Competencies
Attractive aspects
Application
Send-to-friend
Contract
Employment Worker Performance
Contract
Salary Direction
Agreement
Supplier Client
Fee
Determine Requirements
related to Position to be Interview Candidates
filled
Negotiate job-related
Candidate Search and Conditions (e.g. Salary,
direct Approach Sign-on Bonus)
Employee
Target Group Active Candidate
Value
Definition Sourcing Retention
Proposition
Positive
Selection &
Candidate
Recruiting
Experience
- X%
- X%
- X%
- X%
- X%
Product Employer
Operation Analysis
Creative Formats, Rules Employer Image,
& Processes, Validation, Target Group Preferences,
Campagnes Employer Stengths,
Labour Competition
Strategy
Employee Value
Proposition (EVP),
Media strategy
Security
Customers
A A A
B B B
C C C
D D
E E E
EVP
Strengths
N:N
Facebook
Internet-Forums,
Communities
Twitter
Blogs
YouTube
Career
fairs
Workshop
1:1 1:N
Tribal Talent
Recruiting Scouting
Social
Competitiveness Community
Recruiting Employee
Referrals
Executive Campus
Search Recruiting
Career
Fairs Networks
Job Ad
Low
Low Line Engagement High
Source: Trost, A. (2012). Talent Relationship Management. Personalgewinnung in
Zeiten des Fachkräftemangels. Heidelberg: Springer.
Student
Ambassador
Top-Manager HR
Students
Manager/
Employees Professors
Career
Center
High
Internships Theses
Presentations/ Scholar-
lectures ships
Benefit* Case-Study-
Workshops Company
Inhouse Sponsorship
Days
University
Days Theses
Award
Posters
Low
Employees refer to
potential candidates
(friends, former
colleagues etc.)
Recommended
Company gets in Person
touch with
recommended person
Hiring
Referral
Once the
recommended person
gets hired the Company
Employee
employee who
referred to him/her
gains a bonus Bonus
Very
High
A
Candidate B
Potential
C
Medium/
High
Low Relevance to High
Key-/Bottleneck Function
C B (C) A (B, C)
1:1 Regular Conversation with
line representatives
Invitation to Breakfast
company events with the CEO
Intensity Greeting Weekend- Job-Offers
cards workshops
Social Holiday Theses
Media Jobs
Priority
Employee
Company keeps
Talent relationship to former
Formal Assessment Pool intern
Transactional work on a
daily basis in one or more
Regular Internship
business functions
Talent-Pool
Nomination
Operation Planning
Documentation
Job-Offer Recruiting
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidat
e Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
High
False Right
Negative Positive
Actual
Performance
Right False
Negative Positive
Low
Responsibilities
Job Family
Executive
Head of Accounting
Upper
Management Research Manager
Department Head
Job Family
Critical Selection
Requirements
Incidents Criteria
Job
Description
Employee
Magic Attractive
Value
Moments Aspects
Proposition
Job Analysis
Knowledge Personality
Interests Motivation
Expectations Competence
Attitudes Talents
Education Appearance
Interview Motivation
Letter
Reason to
CV
Apply
Private Former
Engagement Development
References Photo,
Appearance
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 71
Candidate 1
Engineer
Intelligent
Teamplayer
Confident
Result-oriented
Ambitious
Creative
Engineer
Intelligent
Teamplayer
Confident
Result-oriented
Ambitious
Creative
Results
Criteria definition
consolidation
Appropriate tools
Decision
and methods
Communicating the
Usage
decision
Resume
Cognitive
Ability Test
Physical
Ability Test
Personality Test
Biographical
Questionnaire
Personal
Interview
Assessment
Center
Reference Check
Background
Investigation
„Google“
Heuristics
Physiological
Tests
Graphology
Games/Simulation
s
1. 1, 3, 6, ?
2. 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, ?
3. 3, 6, 18, 108, ?
4. 4, 1, -3, -4, ?
5. 95, 36, 15, ?
6. 6, 13, 29, 63, ?
7. 1, 1, 2, 6, ?
8. 12, 33, 55, ?
9. 99, 86, 73, ?
10. 2, 5, 8, 35, ?
11. 4, 16, 49, ?
12. 73, 61, 56, 62, ?
13. 1588, 1820, 2148, 2204, 2284, ?
14. 923, 937, 963, ?
Frequency
Mean:
100
Standard-Deviation:
15
Advantages
– Global access/availability
– Low operating costs
– Opportunity for adaptive
item presentation
– Automatic/immediate
analysis and reporting
– Opportunity to track
response time
Disadvantages
– Limited control over test
situation and subject
behaviour
– Limited opportunities to
professionally support
interpretation of results
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 85
Advantages of Psychometric Test Methods
Tension
Informal
Talk
Questions
about the
applicant
Open
Questions
Next Steps
Company/Jo
b
Presentation
Time
Applicant Employer
Strategic Thinking
How does the work you are currently doing affect your
organization‘s ability to meet its mission and goals? Do you
think your work is important? If yes, why? If no, why not?
Planning
Describe a time when things didn’t turn out as you had planned.
What did you do to analyze the situation and how did you
address the issue?
Interpersonal Relations
Give an example of a situation where the group of people you
worked with on a regular basis had a serious conflict. What was
the conflict about? How were you involved in the conflict? What
was the outcome?
Communication
Tell me about a time when you really had to pay attention to
what someone else was saying, actively seeking to understand
their message? How did this challenge affect the manner in
which you portray important messages to others?
Source: Corporate Leadership Council (2004): Interview Questions to Assess Competencies
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 89
Combined Interviews
Teamability
Technical Skills
Motivation
Leadership
Mobility
Candidates
× Assessors
× Criteria
× Methods
× Situations
Participants
Assessor Facilitator
Dynamic
Role play
Meet
Introduction (role not
Employees
defined)
Role play
In-Tray Case Studies
(role defined)
Group
Psychometric Business
problem
Tests Simulation
solving
Standard
Individual Group
Group Intelligence
Criteria Introduction
Exercise
In-Tray
test
Interview
Leadership
Communication
Intelligence
Mobility
Intercultural
Sensitivity
Organization
3 To the point 1
Total 27
linear relationship Y Y
between two
variables (X and Y)
X X
(e.E. Performance)
2 67 68
Criterion
3 44 51
…
n 89 83
Criterion-Validty
Reliability Objectivity
The extent to which a predictor Multiple rater independently
repeatedly produces the same produce the same results in
results over time terms of execution, analysis
and interpretation
r r
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensatio
Selection n & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
What is equity?
Reward
Distributive Equity
A One‘s performance
reward relation
compared to others
Performance/
Contribution to company success
Strategic
Responsibility Performance
Relevance
Company
Qualification Market
Success
Civil
Cost of Living Tenure
Status
Total Reward
Individual/ Organisation
Group
Job Analysis
Job
Individual Pay
Appointment
Implementation,
Communication,
Monitoring
Functional Expertise 8
Human Relation 3
Environment 8
Problem Solving
Challenge 5
Freedom to act 8
Magnitude Dyn.
Market Pay
Average Salaries in the Market
Benchmark jobs are Jobs
at other companies with
Benchmark-Jobs Market similar duties,
Line requirements etc.
Job Value
Job Grade
Based on Job Value Market Line
5 A
4 B
Opportunities Threats
Median
50%
variable variable
fix fix
Σ 45 48
Σ 100% 107.2%
1 2 3
Profit Sharing
Proportions of organizational profits are distributed
among employees according to their base pay
Stock price
13€
10€ Option
6€
4€
0 Time t
Security Financial
– Unemployment – Interest-free building loan
compensation – Company credits
– Life insurance – Financial counselling
– Disability insurance
– Early retirement options Offerings
– Disability retirement benefits – Company car
– Pension Plans – Private cell phone, laptop
usage
Health – Free lunch
– Health Care Insurance – Cafeteria and food services
– Sabbatical – Child Care; Company
– Free tennis courts, fitness Kindergarten
centre usage – Cost advantages for
– Medical care company products
– Psychiatric counselling – Company accommodation
Cash Pension
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Training
Knowledge
Competence
Talent Develop
Experience
Intelligence
Planned,
strategically Demanded
decided
Office Business
Languages Accounting Labor Law
Packages Administration
Productivity
With Onboarding
Benefit
Without Onboarding
Target Group
Needs Analysis Learning Needs
Relevant situations
Trainer
Operation Duration, Schedule
Infrastructure
Evaluation
Evaluation Optimization
Knowing Explicit
Conscious incompetence Capabilities
Weak Strong
Capabilities Capabilities
Shadowing, diaries,
Coaching
On-the-Job Off-the-Job
Dynamic
Group work
Coaching with indiv. Role Play
presentation
Facilitated
Exercises for Case Studies
group
Individuals in Groups
discussion
Business
Literature Presentation
Simulation
Participants
Cognitive abilities
Learning-motivation
Readiness to learn
Training
Training Quality
Trainer, Media, Structure,
Methods, Material, Environment Learning Transfer
Relevance of content
Work Environment
Support by
colleagues/manager
Opportunity to apply
Feedback
According: Baldwin, T.T., & Ford, K.J. (1988). Transfer of training: A review and
directions for future research. Personnel Psychology, 41, 63-105.
Formal Learning
20%
Learning in an institutionalized
context, dedicated to learn (e. g.
courses, training-programs)
80%
Informal Learning
80% Learning happens self-
organized and often as a
positive side-effect of daily work
20%
Budget Effect
Source: Cross, J. (2006). Informal Learning: Rediscovering the Natural Pathways That Inspire
Innovation and Performance. San Francisco/CA: John Wiley.
YouTube
Tutorials
Communities
Peers of Practice Literature
Off-the-Job iTunes U
Training
Conferences
Direct
Manager
Simulations Yellow
Pages
Yammer
Social Expert
Education Podcasts Communites
Micro-Blogging
Source: Trost, A. & Jenewein, T.
(Hrsg., 2011). Personalentwicklung
2.0. Köln: Wolters Kluwer.
Knowledge
Knowledge Retention Knowledge Transfer
Identification
How can the employees‘ How can a company and How can the knowledge of
knowledge be retained its employees know what one employee be
inside the company even the (other) employees transferred to another
when employees leave it? know? employee?
?
! ! ! !
A A A B C A B
!
Search for
Expertise ?
Document
Document
Knowledge
Database
! Personal
exchange
?
Reference to
expertice
Search for
experts
Yellow Pages,
Wikis, Forums ...
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Global Leadership
Global Development Program
GLDP Senior Executives
European Leadership
Europe ELDP Development Program
Top-Executives
Operations
West ODP Development Program
Senior Superiors
Young Leaders
Germany YLDP Development Program
Junior Management Talents
Restaurant Manager-
RMDC Development Center
Restaurant Management
Succession Performance
Planning Management
Competency
Model
Training Potential
Off-the-Job Assessment
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Creativity Creativity Creativity
English English
Development Needs
In a backwards perspective
achievements/performance of
the employee will be reviewed
Mid-Year Review
Contributes willingly towards Takes responsibility for Builds support and Builds highly productive
the accomplishment of team activities that stretch enthusiasm for the teams from highly diverse
goals of one’s own team, beyond own functional accomplishment of team disciplines, cultures or
doing his or her share of the area. goals. organizations.
work.
Solicits the input of team Uses the agendas and Creates commitment to and
Demonstrates respect for members and encourages perspectives of others to enthusiasm for the
the opinions and ideas of their participation. establish mutually accomplishment of
others. beneficial objectives. challenging objectives across
Ensures participation of diverse teams.
Does not remain silent or others who are affected Takes responsibility for the
withhold differing opinions in by plans or actions. accomplishment of team Masterfully integrates people
team settings. goals. and resources to achieve
Puts team’s agenda and high levels of synergy.
Is willing to accept the good of the whole Removes obstacles that
compromises to progress ahead of personal needs. get in the way of team Resolves dysfunctional
toward the achievement of success. conflict within or among
group goals. Finds areas of agreement teams to ensure business
when working with Gives recognition and success.
Follows through on conflicting individuals or credit to people who have
commitments made to other groups. contributed to team
team members. success.
Helps others to solve
Keeps people informed and work problems and Takes specific steps to
up to date. achieve team objectives. keep morale and levels of
performance high during
times of intense work
pressure.
Rating Definition
Exceptional performance rarely achieved. Marked by precedent-setting results beyond the scope of the
5.0 position. Demonstrates the highest standards of performance excellence relative to individuals with
comparable levels of responsibility
Consistently exceeds all position requirements and expectations. Accomplishements are highly valued
4.5 and may be well beyond the scope of the position. Demonstrates higher standards of performance
excellence relative to individuals with comparable levels of responsibility.
Consistently exceeds most position requirements and expectations. Accomplishements are often
4.0 noteworthy. Overall performance is consistently above levels of quality and quantity relative to
individuals with comparable levels of responsibility.
Exceeds some position requirements and expectations. Successfully accomplishes all objectives.
3.5 Overall performance matches levels of quality and quantity relative to individuals with comparable levels
of responsibility.
Meets position requirements and expectations. Accomplishes most or all objectives. Some aspects of
3.0 overall performance may require additional development or improvement to match levels of quality and
quantity relative to individuals with comparable levels of responsibility.
Falls below performance standards and expectations of the job. Demonstrates one or more performance
2.5 deficiencies that hinder acceptable performance relative to individuals with comparable levels of
responsibility
Does not meet minimum requirements in critical aspects of the job and has numerous performance
1.0-2.0 deficiencies that prevent success at Microsoft.
Source: Bartlett, C. A. (2001). Microsoft. Competing on Talent (A). Harvard Business School.
Freedom
allow × Capability
can × Motivation
want
Performance Level
Maximum
Potential
Age
Performance
Motivation
A1 A2
High Plan next move Apply multiple
Provide extra development and
C1 coaching retention measures
Performance
Improvement
Measures A3
Potential Identify next
development
opportunity
B
Keep in Place
Low C2
Manage Out
Source: Michaels. E, Handfield-Jones, H., & Axelrod, B. (2001). The War for
Talent. Boston/Mass.: Harvard Business School Press.
L1
Leadership Team
L2
HR Business Partner
L3
L4
High Potential
Deepen professional
knowledge within a narrowly-
defined field
Management Expert
Executive Fellow
Comparable value of
Department Head Consultant privileges (e.g. company
car)
Active involvement in
Teamlead Junior Expert decision processes on
comparable level
Comparable social
Employee without leadership responsibilies acknowledgement (e.g.
title)
Job Assignments
1 Promote high performers quickly
2 Build skills to boost career prospects
3 Fast rotation and advancement
4 Roles with P&L responsibility
5 Special project opportunities
6 On-the-job training
Coaching Feedback
7 Told my strengths and weaknesses
8 360°feedback
9 Candid, insightful feedback
10 Informal coaching from boss
Mentoring
11 Great mentor
12 Great senior role models
13 Mentoring advice on development
Training
14 Traditional classroom training
Appreciation
Professional feedback
Confidence
Trust Commitment
Role Model
„ „
What are your biggest
Who could support your future
strengths and
career development?
„
weaknesses?
Definition of strategic
... On top management level. Projects work for
learning projects &
sponsors
diverse teams and as good learning opportunities
Mentoring
Final Presentation
Kickoff
HR Consultant
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
In boring
Meetings 10%
Breaks 3%
At home,
watching TV,
Using creativity
Hobby, etc. 14%
techniques 1%
Business travel/
Way to office 11%
Source: Füglistaller, KMU-Magazin Nr.7/2005
Flexible
Working Hours
Flexible
Locations
Flexible Organization
Distribution
Time
08-09 Volume
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-01
Duration/
Position
02-03
03-04
04-05
Flexibility
05-06
06-07
Mo Tu We Th Fr
Industry/
Country
Labour
Law
Job Requirements
Working
Individual Employees,
Hours Preferences Values
Model
Leadership
Culture
high
Trust-based Working Hours
Flexible Annual
Working Time
Flextime Job-Sharing
Working Time
Autonomy Flexible weekly Early
Working Hours Retirement
Timely Reference
Brian G. Dyson
Former CEO of Coca Cola
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Age
First
Growing Management Leading Coaching,
professional
Work
Marriage,
Single, relation, own home, grown-up health,
familiy planning,
autonomy, party purchasing children, aging prosperity,
kids
power parents „Handicap“
Succession Coaching,
Onboarding,
Talent Flexible working planning, mentoring,
HRM
trainee
development, hours, change health
programs,
... ... management, management,
..
... ...
Pros Cons
Face-to-face
Communication
often
never
low Distance long
Source: DEGW
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 196
Non-territorial Workspace, Hoteling,
Rooms to concentrate or communicate
Source: DEGW
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 197
Survey Feedback & Organization Development
Planning
Implementation
Survey
Action
Planning
Analysis
Feedback
Analysis &
Prestudy Action Planning
Reporting
Survey Survey
Implementation
Development Administration
Prior
Evaluation
Communication
Topics
Indicator
Questions
Adjustment
Pretest
Frequencies (%)
I have the materials and equipment I need to strongly partly- dis- strongly
N Average agree
do my work right agree partly agree disagree
1 2 3 4 5
Sales Germany 35 35 36 36 29
29 45 2,92 12 23 36 19 10
Global Sales 48 28 24
48 28 24 287 2,63 19 29 28 18 6
Organization
1,7
Tasks and Duties 1,6
2
Work Environment 1,5 Region South-West
2,3 Germany
Empowerment 2,6
1,4
Colleagues 1,6
Compensation 3,1
3,2
2,5
Benefits
2,6
Commitment 1,7
1,8
2,8
Career Development
2,2
Traditional Employees,
Improvement,
Employee Survey All Employees Job Satisfaction Manager,
Involvement
(Survey Feedback) Management
Status
Theme-oriented Selected
Selected topics Monitoring, Management
Employee Survey Employees
Feedback
Strategy Monitoring
Random
Pulse Survey commitment, strategy Management
Sample
capabilities execution
Manager,
360-Degree- Employees, Development
Management Management
Feedback, Manager,
behavior,
Management Peers,
competence
Evaluation Customers Selection Management, HR
Traditional
Pulse Survey
Employee Survey
Objectives Objectives are set after the Objectives are set in advance
survey of the survey
Cycle Every 1-5 years 1-12 times/year
A A
B B B
C C
D D D
E E E
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Turnover Rate
Number of Employees leaving the Company in a Year
100%
Number of Employees at Midyear
Turnover
Average
Performance
High Performer/
High-Potentials ?
Others
Key
Non-Key-Functions
Functions
Annual Salary
60.000 € Assumptions
of an employee
Σ 60.500 €
Entry Level
Service/Production Workers
Skilled Hourly Range
Clerical/Administrative
Professional
Technical
Engineers
Specialists
Supervisor/Team Leader
Middle Managers
major
Keneth Keith Carlson Garth McGrath
Kelley Clark
Impact Tom Scott Rock Stewart
Linda Anderson
Russ Rothen
Pete Peters
Paul Cummings
minimal
Frequent complaints
Source: Jahoda, M., Lazarsfeld, P. F, Zeisel, H. (1933). Die Arbeitslosen von Marienthal. Ein
soziographischer Versuch über die Wirkungen langandauernder Arbeitslosigkeit. Hirzel.
Salary Performance
Benefits Creativity
Social contacts Capabilities
Tasks Knowledge
Training Talent
Image Energy
Identity Time
Security Health
Values Social Networks
Perspective Customers
better Relevance
Copmany Image
Perspective
high
Location
W-L-B
middle
Difference
alternative Job Tasks
compared to
current Job Salary
low
Boss
Peers
Security
similar/
worse
low Certainty high
of Value of alternative Jobs
Value (V)
Vchange
high
Solution Strategy
Elaboration
current future
Situation Situation
Driver
Salary X1
W/L-Balance X2
Perspective X3
Intention
Peers X4 Y
to Leave
Training X5
Tasks X6
Security X7
Development,
Management Current and previous Selection, Coaching,
Manager
Evaluation Turnover Rate Replacement,
Objective Setting
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
+ =
Executive Executive
Board Board
Functions Products
Emotional
Response Anger
Acceptance
active
Bargaining
Stability
Denial Testing
Immobilization
Depression
passive
Time
Pessimism
Level of Tolerance
Informed Pessimism
Hopeful Realism
Checking
Out (?)
Informed Optimism
Uninformed
Optimism (Naivité) Completion
Time
Organizational structures
Low overall that focus employees on
performance narrow functional goals
standards
Internal measurement
A lack of sufficient systems that focus on
performance feedback the wrong performance
from external sources indexes
Sponsorship/ Change
Commitment Scope, Objectives Analysis
& Vision
Program
Setup & Communication
organization
Principles
HRM Change
Involvement
Integration
Stabilization
Prevent
We don't do losses We avoid too
things by much noise
halves
Addressing
80/20: Focus on problems
what really
matters Avoid
additional
costs
We take along
all people Speed matters
strong
✔D ✖ Opponent
✖ ✔ A
✖ B
✔ Supporter
✖ Promoter
✔
Power Influencer
Decider
✖
✔ Multiplier
✖C ✔
weak Patient
less Impact much
„Pain“
Level of Support
Commitment
Investment
Sponsorship/
Commitment
Convincement
Acceptance
Acceptance
Understanding
Listening Attention
Time
No Idea
Ignorance
According: Conner, D. R. (2006). Managing at the Speed of Change. Random House
Sponsor
Steering Group SB
CA FK
MA
MA
Project Team Project Lead
CA FK
SB
Change
Agent
CA
Consulting
Team Project Lead
SB
Partner SB
Sounding Board
Sponsors
– Have the power to sanction and legitimize change and
to make decisions about change
– Create an environment that enables change to be
made on time and within budget
– The sponsors make up the steering group
Change Agents
– Responsible for making the change happen on an
operational local level
– They directly deal with employees and managers,
who are impacted by the change (targets)
Target
– The group who must actually change attitudes and
behaviour
Project Team
– Operationally drives the entire change program
– The project team is led by the project leader, who is
responsible for the overall success of the program
– The project team reports to the steering group
Sounding Board
– Key-players with a good sense of the company‘s culture and
the actual mindset of the employees
– Provide feedback to the project team about acceptance and
resistance on side of the target
External Advisors
– Give advice to the project team from a neutral standpoint
Available Media
(with F&Qs)
Individual employee
Interactive
Town Hall Meeting meetings
New Media
Invitation to All
March 1 CEO Mail Manager Meeting
Save the Date
Managers
Early
Communication ? Late
Communication
High
Need for Information
and Planning
Knowledge,
Certainty
Low
Time, Progress
Individual
Focus
Measures
Groups/Works
hops
Intensity
Sounding
Board
Open Space
Social
Media
Employee
Survey
low
limited Reach broad
Haniel/Metro 2009
MLP 2012
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 260
The Idea Factory
Brainstore
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Headquarter
Regional Headquarter
Subsidiary
International Multinational
Global Transnational
The world is seen as one single For all relevant processes the
market. Operations are right balance between local
controlled centrally from the differentiation and global
corporate office in order to integration is achieved .
achieve global integration.
Source: Bartlett, C.A. & Ghoshal, S. (2002). Managing Across Borders. Harvard Business School Press.
global
Employer Branding
Career
website
Executive HR-IT
Compensation
Employee
Referral
Program
Global
Integration Talent Campus
management Recruiting
Office Candidate
Training Selection
Training
local
Local Differentiation
Strategy
Consulting
Support
Administration
Traditional HR Future HR
Strategy
People
Administrative Employee Champion
Expert
Increasing employee
Building an efficient commitment and
infrastructure capability
Operation
Source: Ulrich, D (1997(: Human Resource Champions.
Harvard Business School Press.
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 270
HR Business Partner Responsibilities
Provide HR consultation, policy interpretation,
and strategic planning to all levels of client
organization.
Manage HR projects and program
implementation for Public Policy, Law, &
Security and Strategy, Development, &
Planning organizations.
Responsible for providing Human Resources
support in the areas of ethics, compliance,
EEO, compensation planning, performance
Intranet
Q&A
Call-Center,
Virtual HR Service HR Expert,
Assistent Center HR Business HR Director
(shared) Partner
ESS
Hotline
Yellow
Page
70 % 20 % 5% 5%
100% 30 % 10 % 5% 0%
HR Application
Marketing management
Definition of Target
Profile Preselection Application
Unit
A Data Base
Introduction Assessment
Definition of Target
Preselection
Profile Unit Application
B Data Base
Introduction Assessment
close
Assessment
Introduction
Job Offer
Negotiation
Job Offer
Close to
Preparation Preselection
Applicant
Application
management Definition of
HR Target Profile
Marketing
far
high Standardization low
Definition of Target
Profile Unit
A
Introduction Assessment
Pre-
Shared
Applicant e-Recruiting Recruiting
Selection
Center
Job Offer
Preparation
Definition of Target
Profile Unit
B
Introduction Assessment
Central Coordination
Individual support of
Dealing with complex HR-
Managers managers on HR-
related Issues
related topics
Employees Hotline
Delivery of standardized and regularly
Applicants ESS demanded services to all employees with
high volume (e.g. payroll)
MSS
Partner-/Supplier Management
multi-client
Offshore
Outsourcing
Scope of Service Delivery
single-client
Onshore
Outsourcing
internal
Shared
Onshoring Service Offshoring
Center
high Strategic
Employer Branding
Performance
Relevance
(EVP)
Management
Trainee- high
Programs
Top-Management
Placements
Specificity of middle
Expatriation
Requirements Recruiting for
Exit-
Interviews Non-Key Functions low
Payroll Onboarding
MS Office Trainings
Pension
low
less Internal Competence more
compared to external service provider
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Application
Recruiter
Pre- Work
Job Posting Interview
Selection Contract
Manager
Vacancy Pre-
Selection Onboarding
Request Selection
Systems
Related
Cornerstone
SuccessFactors
Authorization
Analytics
Collaboration
Bring your
Social Mobile Cloud Big Data
own Device
Employees use Solutions support Data usage and IT Resources Smart usage of
their private and collaboration and maintenance such as software, mostly
most preferred communication at anywhere at storage space that unstructurred, fast
devices and work anytime. are delivered as a changing data of
systems at work services over a very high volume
(e.g. Handy, Laptop, Interfaces to Availability of network (internet)
Mail-Systems) Social Media systems on
Plattforms (e.g. smartphones and
LinkedIn, Xing) tablets.
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
www....com www....com
www....com
A A
B B
C C
2013
Source: http://empowered.forrester.com/tool_consumer.html
Time
Incident
Time
Blogs
Forums
Check &
Targets Listen Do it
Develop
Nodes –
Relations – Density – Centrality –
Cliques – Cluster (Community) – Stars
Some employees actively Social media is seen as just Internal target group
use social media and another channel to centrally representatives are
possibly communicate work- communicate official privileged to communicate
related content content in a one-to-many work-related content within
direction clearly defined borders
Respect copyrights
HR-
Strategy &
Planning
Talent
Development
Change
Management
Learning
Talent
Acquisition Work
Retention
Candidate Compensation
Selection & Benefits
HR Social HR
HR-IT
Organization Media Controlling
Target
Corrective Target/Actual
Actions Deviation
Causes
Analysis
?
?
Prof. Dr. Armin Trost Human Resource Management www.armintrost.de 326
Relevant Indicator Dimensions
What?
Which indicator will be used?
How?
Which sources and methods are
used to calculate the indicator?
Financials
Targets KPI
Customer Processes
Targets KPI Targets KPI
Vision &
Strategy
People
Targets KPI
Definition of client, objectives Systematic analysis of turnover Definition of methods and tools
and functions causes and possible early to track/measure turnover
Setting budgets, timeline and indicators drivers and predictors
project structure Develpment of a model to Defining ways to analyse and
Approach definition explain and predict turnover report data and results
behavior
Meeting with client/steering group Interviews with managers, former Workshop with experts, clients
and project lead employees, experts and HR managers
ROI
50 × 10.000 €* = 500.000 €
Solution Costs
(* annual costs per company car)
Non-Human
Capital Value Creation
Total Costs - Labor
Costs
Products
Revenue
Human Capital
Labor Costs
Human Capital
Value Added = Revenue – (Total Costs – Labor Costs)
Human
40
Addidas 70 Metro 26
Daimler 97 Siemens 70
Henkel 69 TUI 29
* In 1.000 €
Company Performance
Added Value
1 2 3 Key Functions
C B A
Performance