鸟巢蕨

鸟巢蕨（拉丁学名：Asplenium nidus），又名山苏花，
为铁角蕨科巢蕨属下的一个种，属多年生阴生草本观叶
植物。植株高80-100厘米，根状茎直立，粗短，木质，
粗约2厘米，深棕色，先端密被鳞片；鳞片阔披针形，长
约1厘米，先端渐尖，全缘，薄膜质，深棕色，稍有光泽。
鸟巢蕨是一种附生的蕨类植物，原生于亚洲东南部、澳
大利亚东部、印度尼西亚、印度和非洲东部等，在中国
热带地区广泛分布；有强壮筋骨、活血祛瘀的作用，也
可用于跌打损伤、骨折、血瘀、头痛、血淋、阳痿、淋
病。
 鸟巢蕨
形态特征：
植株高80-100厘米。根状茎直立，粗短，木质，粗约2
厘米，深棕色，先端密被鳞片；鳞片阔披针形，长约1
厘米，先端渐尖，全缘，薄膜质，深棕色，稍有光泽。
叶簇生；柄长2-7厘米，粗约7毫米，禾秆色或暗棕色，
木质，干后下面为半圆形隆起，上面有阔纵沟，表面平
滑不皱缩，两侧有狭翅，基部被阔披针形深棕色鳞片，
向上光滑；叶片阔披针形，长75-98厘米，先端渐尖，
中部最宽处为6.5-8.5厘米，向下逐渐变狭而长下延，叶
边全缘并有软骨质的狭边，干后略反卷。
 鸟巢蕨
形态特征：
主脉两面均隆起，上面下部有阔纵沟，表面平滑不皱缩，
暗棕色，光滑；小脉两面均稍隆起，斜展，分叉或单一，
平行，相距约1毫米。叶革质，干后棕绿色或浅棕色，
两面均无毛。
孢子囊群线形，长3-4厘米，生于小脉的上侧，自小脉
基部以上外行达离叶边不远处，彼此以宽的间隔分开，
叶片下部通常不育；囊群盖线形，浅棕色或灰棕色，厚
膜质，全缘，宿存。
 鸟巢蕨
生长习性：
鸟巢蕨常附生于雨林或季雨林内树干上
或林下岩石上，喜高温湿润，不耐强光
 鸟巢蕨
药用价值 ：
鸟巢蕨含有丰富的维生素A、钾、铁质、
钙、膳食纤维等。鸟巢蕨味苦、温，入肾、
肝二经。 有强壮筋骨、活血祛瘀的作用，
也可用于跌打损伤、骨折、血瘀、头痛、
血淋、阳痿、淋病。
 ASPLENIUM
NIDUS
See bird's-nest fern for other plants with this
common name.
Asplenium nidus is an epiphytic species of fern in
the family Aspleniaceae, native to tropical
southeastern Asia, eastern Australia,
Hawaii,Polynesia,Christmas Island, India, and eastern
Africa. It is known by the common names bird's-nest
fern (a name shared by other aspleniums) or
simply nest fern.
 ASPLENIUM
NIDUS
Description:
Asplenium nidus forms large simple fronds visually similar
to banana leaves, with the fronds growing to 50–150
centimetres (20–59 in) long and 10–20 centimetres (3.9–
7.9 in) broad. They are light green, often crinkled, with a
black midrib, and exhibit circinate vernation. Spores develop
in sori on the underside of the fronds. These sori form long
rows extending out from the midrib on the back of the outer
part of the lamina (frond). The fronds roll back as they brown
and create a massive leaf nest in the branches and trunks of
trees.
 ASPLENIUM
NIDUS

Native distribution:
Asplenium nidus is native to east tropical Africa (in
Tanzania, inclusive of the Zanzibar Archipelago);
temperate and tropical Asia (in Indonesia; East
Timor; the prefecture of Kyushu, and the Ryukyu
Islands of Japan; Malaysia; the Philippines; Taiwan;
and Thailand); and in Australasia (in the northern
part of Queensland in Australia).
 ASPLENIUM
NIDUS
Usage and potential ：
1. Food: The bird’s-nest fern is non-poisonous and
occasionally eaten by aboriginal tribes in Malaysia.
2.Medicine: There are several medicinal uses of the bird’s-
nest fern by the Malaysian native tribes. Infusion of the
fronds is used to ease labour pains. The leaves can also be
pounded in water and used as a lotion to treat fever. Two
young fronds can be eaten when they are still coiled as a
contraceptive, and tea made from fronds can be used for
general weakness.