DECLARATION

OF PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE
• The Philippine Declaration of Independence
Filipino: Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan ng Pilipinas
• Was proclaimed on June 12, 1898 in Cavite II el Viejo
present-day Kawit, Cavite
• With the public reading of the Act of the Proclamation
of Independence of the Filipino People
Spanish: Acta de la proclamación de independencia
del pueblo Filipino
Filipino: Paggawa ng Pagpapahayag ng Kasarinlan
ng Sambayanang Pilipino
• Under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed
• In 1896. The Philippine Revolution began.

• In December 1897, the Spanish government and the revolutionaries Signed a truce,
the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.

• 800,000 pesos- Requiring that the Spanish pay the revolutionaries.

• Aguinaldo and other leaders go into exile in Hong Kong.

• In April 1898, at the outbreak of the Spanish–American War.

• Commodore George Dewey aboard the U.S.S. Olympia sailed into Manila Bay leading
the Asiatic Squadron of the U.S. Navy.

• May 1, 1898- he United States defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Manila Bay
• Emilio Aguinaldo decided to return to the Philippines to
help American forces defeat the Spaniards.

• May 19, he arrived in Cavite.

• Flag of the Philippines-made in Hong Kong by Marcela

Agoncillo, Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza, and
the performance of the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, as the
National Anthem, now known as Lupang Hinirang,
which was composed by Julián Felipe and played by the
San Francisco de Malabon marching band.
• The most significant achievement of Aguinaldo's Dictatorial Government was
the proclamation of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12,
1898.

• The day was declared a national holiday. Thousands of people from the
provinces gathered in Kawit, Cavite to witness the historic event.

• The ceremony was solemnly held at the balcony of General Emilio Aguinaldo's
residence.

• The military and civil officials of the government were in attendance.

• At the same time, the Philippine National Anthem was played by the band.
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista solemnly read the "Act of the Declaration of
Independence" which he himself wrote. The declaration was signed by 98
persons. One of the signers was an American, L.M. Johnson, Colonel of
Artillery.
• The Philippines: A Unique Nation. Dr. Sonia M. Zaide

• Protectorate Proclaimed
• Aguinaldo continued his moves for consolidation. The next step was the
proclamation of Philippine Independence on June 12, 1898. Appropriate
celebrations marked the event in Kawit at which the Philippine flag was
officially raised and the Philippine National Anthem first publicly played.

• The declaration was prepared by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista who

patterned it after the American Declaration of Independence. Aguinaldo
invited Dewey to the festivities, but the latter declined the invitation and
did not even report the event to Washington. The declaration was signed
by ninety-eight persons, including an American office, L.M. Johnson,
Colonel of Artillery.
• With a government in operation, Aguinaldo thought that it
was necessary to declare the independence of the Philippines.
• He believed that such a move would inspire the people to fight
more eagerly against the Spaniards and at the same time, lead
the foreign countries to recognize the independence of the
country. Mabini, who had by now been made Aguinaldo's
unofficial adviser, objected.
• He based his objection on the fact that it was more important
to reorganize the government in such a manner as to
convince the foreign powers of the competence and stability
of the new government than to proclaim Philippine
independence at such an early period. Aguinaldo, however,
stood his ground and won.
• On June 12, between four and five in the afternoon, Aguinaldo, in the
presence of a huge crowd, proclaimed the independence of the
Philippines at Cavite el Viejo (Kawit).
• For the first time, the Philippine National Flag, made in Hongkong by Mrs.
Marcela Agoncillo, assisted by Lorenza Agoncillo and Delfina Herboza,
was officially hoisted and the Philippine National March played in public.
• The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared by Ambrosio
Rianzares Bautista, who also read it. A passage in the Declaration reminds
one of another passage in the American Declaration of Independence.
• The Philippine Declaration was signed by ninety-eight persons, among
them an American army officer who witnessed the proclamation. The
proclamation of Philippine independence was, however, promulgated on
August 1 when many towns has already been organized under the riles
laid down by the Dictatorial Government.
• The original Flag raised by President Emilio Aguinaldo in declaring the
independence in 1898.

• The first flag was sewn by Marcela Mariño Agoncillo, with the help of her
daughter Lorenza and Delfina Herbosa Natividad (a niece of
Propagandista José Rizal).

• It was first displayed in the Battle of Alapan on May 28, 1898.

• The first military victory of Emilio Aguinaldo after his return to the
Philippines from Hong Kong.