CARBOHYDRATES

STRUCTURE AND ITS

FUNCTION

PRESENTED BY:
SARIQUE, NIMKEL
 o Organic compound
o composed of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
o commonly described as sugars, or saccharides, from the
Greek word for sugar.
o Carbohydrates also have other important functions in
humans, animals, and plants.
 Molecular Structures

o origin of the term “carbohydrate”: the components are carbon

(“carbo”) and the components of water (hence, “hydrate”).

o can be represented by the stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n

where n is the number of carbons in the molecule

Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes:

CnH2nOn monosaccharides, disaccharides, and
polysaccharides.
MONOSACCHARIDES

o (mono– = “one”; sacchar– = “sweet”)

o are the simplest carbohydrates

o Most monosaccharide names end with the suffix –ose

 GLUCOSE(C6H12O6)

o In humans, glucose is an important source of energy.

o Plants synthesize glucose using carbon dioxide and water,

and glucose in turn is used for energy requirements for
the plant.
 GALACTOSE(C6H12O6)

o is found in milk sugars

o Because galactose is a precursor to glucose production, it

is an important energy-providing nutrient.
FRUCTOSE(C6H12O6)

o is a sugar found naturally in fruits, fruit juices, some

vegetables and honey.

o high-fructose foods, such as juices, apples, grapes,

watermelon, asparagus, peas and zucchini.
DISACCHARIDES

o Two monosaccharides linked together form a disaccharide.

o reaction (also known as a condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis).

 SUCROSE

o is produced naturally in plants, from which table sugar is

refined.

o or table sugar, organic compound, colourless sweet-

tasting crystals that dissolve in water.
 LACTOSE

o is sugar that’s in milk

o People with lactose intolerance are unable to fully digest the sugar (lactose) in milk. As a
result, they have diarrhea, gas and bloating after
MALTOSE

o also known as maltobiose or malt sugar

o appears in foods in which starch is fermented by yeast or enzymes, such as in bread or

brewed beverages.
POLYSACCHARIDES

o A long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds is known

as a polysaccharide.

o Starch, glycogen, cellulose are primary examples of polysaccharides.

 REFERENCE

o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XF1aNHMt144