“POWER TRANSFORMERS” Part 1: General Part 2: Temperature rise Part 3: Insulation levels, dielectric tests and external clearances in air Part 10: Determination of sound levels Visual Inspection Insulation Resistance Test Measurement of voltage ratio, vector group and polarity displacement check Winding Resistance Test at Ambient Temp. Open Circuit Test (No Load Loss & I0) Short Circuit Test (Load Loss & VZ) Separate source AC withstand voltage test Induced Potential Test Protection Functional Check Lightning Impulse Test Determination of sound levels Temperature Rise Test OutLine Drawing suitability Dimension suitability Accessories completeness Measure the insulation resistance between each terminals *: HV – Body (ground) LV – Body (ground) HV – LV At ambient temperature and corrected to 20°C
*)1000 VDC, for 1 minute
Tool used: Megger® Insulation Resistance Tester Minimum Result for Transformer Insulation Resistance, and Temperature Correction factor*
L-L Voltage Class Insulation Transformer Correction
(kV) Resistance Temperature Factor (Mega Ohm) 1.2 32 15 0.73 2.5 68 20 1.0 5 135 25 1.3 8.66 230 30 1.8 15 410 35 2.5 25 670 40 3.3 34.5 930 45 4.5 46 1240 50 6.0 69 1860 55 8.1 Westinghouse: SUPERSEDES LL 47-600-100 Measure transformer turn/voltage ratio between Primary and Secondary side Calculation Value on relation: Delta-Delta : Line Voltage HV Line Voltage LV Delta-Star : Line Voltage HV . (Line Voltage LV / √3) Star-Star : Line Voltage HV Line Voltage LV Star-Delta : (Line Voltage HV / √3) Line Voltage LV Maximum deviation tolerance was ±0,5% Measuring by means of bridge method or voltage drop method on principal tapping of each phase. The no-load loss and the no-load current shall be measured on one of the windings at rated frequency and at a voltage corresponding to rated voltage the remaining winding or windings shall be left open-circuited Measure the impedance voltage and load loss at rated frequency and rated current on principal tap by applying to the high voltage winding with the low voltage winding short- circuited. The value of tests are corrected to reference temperature (75° C) The measurements shall be performed quickly so that temperature rises do not cause significant errors. The test is intended to verify the AC withstand strength of the line and neutral terminals and their connected windings to earth and other windings. The separate source AC voltage test shall be made with single-phase alternating voltage as nearly as possible on sine-wave form The full test voltage shall be applied for 60 s between all terminals of the winding under test connected together and all terminals of the remaining windings, core, frame and tank or casing of the transformer, connected together to earth. The test is successful if no collapse of the test voltage occurs.
The test is intended to verify the AC withstand strength of each line terminal and its connected winding(s) to earth and other windings, the withstand strength between phases and along the winding(s) under test. The test voltage across an untapped winding of the transformer shall be as close as possible to twice the rated voltage When the test frequency exceeds twice the rated frequency, the test time in seconds of the test shall be: Transformer Frequency T= 120 x (sec) Generator Frequency The test is successful if no collapse of the test voltage occurs. 2x Nominal Voltage at 350 Hz The test is intended to verify the impulse withstand strength of the transformer under test, when the impulse is applied to its line terminals. The impulse test sequence is applied to each of the line terminals of the tested winding in succession, the other line terminals of the winding shall be earthed directly. The test sequence shall consist of one impulse of a voltage between 50 % and 75 % of the full test voltage, and three subsequent impulses at full voltage. The absence of significant differences between transients recorded at reduced voltage and those recorded at full test voltage constitutes evidence that the insulation has withstood the test. Test object with or without its auxiliary cooling plant, the test object shall be on no-load and excited at the rated voltage of sinusoidal or practically sinusoidal waveform and rated frequency. Equation to acquire sound level :
Where : LW : Acoustic Noise Level LpA : Noise Pressure level S0 : Surface area of transformer under measure S : Surface area of measurement
The accepted Sound level value is : dB
Definition: The difference between the temperature of the part under consideration and the external cooling medium Standard method for determination of steady-state temperature rises on the test is equivalent in short-circuit test connection. The purpose of the test is to establish: the top-liquid and average liquid temperature rises in a steady-state condition with dissipation of total losses; the average winding temperature rise at rated current for the average liquid temperature rise as determined above;
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