Broadcast TV Timeline

March 1935 – First TV Service launched in

Germany
1936 – Berlin Olympics Televised
1937 – Experimental TV operates in the US
1941 – Commercial US broadcasts
commences
 TELEVISION
BROADCASTING
Prepared by:
JR UMIPIG
 Philippine TV Timeline
June 1946 – Bolinao Electronics was formed
1949 – Bolinao Electronics applied for
franchise to operate Television Service in
the Philippines
1952 – Alto Broadcasting System was
formed as a result of its take over of
Bolinao Electronics
1953 – ABS made the first TV broadcast in
the Philippines on Oct 23
1956 – Chronicle Broadcasting Network was
formed
1958 – CBN bought Alto Broadcasting from
the original owners (Quirino)
1961 – Republic Broadcasting Systems
started operating its TV service
1966 – ABS started transmitting in color
1967 – Alto and Chronicle completed its
merger forming ABS-CBN
1970 – ABS-CBN is the only network
transmitting in full color
1972 – Martial Law was declared. All
privately owned stations were closed down
Mid 70’s – Radio Philippines Network
launched the first Nationwide TV
broadcast via satellite (DOMSAT)
 BLACK & WHITE
TELEVISION

Day 2
 SPECS (Monochrome)
• FRAME RATE: 30 frames / sec
• FIELD RATE: 60 fields / sec
• NO. OF LINES PER FRAME: 525 lines
• LINE RATE: 15,750 lines / sec (Hz)
• ASPECT RATIO: 4:3
• INTERLACED SCANNING
CATHODE RAY TUBE

Deflection Coils

Phosphorescent
Coating

Aquadag
Coating
A - Heater H V
B - Cathode
C - Control Grid
D - Screen Grid
E - Accelerator Grid Anode
Electron Gun
ELECTRON GUN

FLYBACK

DEFLECTION YOKE
RASTER
 INTERLACED SCANNING
The way a television decodes an image – a frame
is broken into two fields, odd (1, 3, 5, 7…) and
even (2, 4, 6, 8…).

A television will scan 60 fields per second with 30

odd and 30 even fields created. By combining
the two fields every 1/30 of a second, a frame is
created thus creating 30 frames per second – a
standard in television broadcasting.
INTERLACED SCANNING

ODD FIELD VERTICAL RETRACE

EVEN FIELD VERTICAL RETRACE

INTERLACED SCANNING

ODD FIELD
EVEN FIELD

ONE FRAME
INTERLACED SCANNING
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
 RF MODULATED BY
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
 H 0.08H
100% Sync Pulse
Blanking Pulse
75% 0.02H
0.16H

Video Signal
12.5%
0%

Composite Video Signal

 COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL

• Sync pulse duration: 0.08H

• Blanking pulse duration: 0.16H
• Front porch: 0.02H
• Back porch: 0.06H
• H = duration of one scanned line
• = 1/15750 sec
• = 63.5 msec
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
COMPOSITE VIDEO SIGNAL
H / V PULSES ONSCREEN
Video Bandwidth
 H
Sync Pulse
Blanking Pulse
0.16H

Video Signal

H = 1/15750 Hz = 63.5 ms

Video Signal Duration = 0.84 x 63.5 ms = 53.333 ms

• No. of Lines in a frame: 525 lines
• No. of Lines visible : 480 lines
• No. of pixels in a line: 480 x (4/3)
= 640 pixels

3 units 640 picture elements 480 visible lines

4 units
 640 picture elements

1 line

pixel
 H
Sync Pulse
Blanking Pulse
0.16H

Video Signal

•To create 640 pixels, there should be 320 complete cycles

•Actual resolution is achieved only up to 65-70% of the
original or 320 x 70% (Kell Factor) = 224 cycles
= 224 cycles / 53.333 ms = approx. 4.2 MHz
ACTUAL RESOLUTION
640 X 480 PIXELS
307200 PIXELS (LESS THAN 1
MEGAPIXEL)
 CHANNELS
• LOW BAND VHF (Band I)
– CHANNELS 2 TO 6
– 54 MHz to 88 MHz
• HIGH BAND VHF (Band III)
– CHANNELS 7 TO 13
– 174 MHz to 216 MHz
• UHF (Band IV V)
– CHANNELS 14 TO 83
– 470 MHz to 890 MHz
– CHANNELS 21 to 49 allotted locally
 PHILIPPINE NETWORKS
(2007)
• 333 transmitting stations nationwide
– ABS CBN: 37
– Peoples Television: 28
– ABC: 11
– GMA: 83
– RPN: 11
– IBC: 11
– AMCARA: 28
 PHILIPPINE NETWORKS
(2007)
• 333 transmitting stations nationwide
– Lower VHF: 75
– Upper VHF: 136
– UHF: 122

– Luzon: 159
– Visayas: 71
– Mindanao: 103
 SPECS (General)

• Channel BW: 6 MHz

• Video BW: 4.2 MHz
• Audio BW: 15 kHz
• Modulation: VSB AM (video) C3F (A5C)
FM (audio) F3C
 SPECS (General)
• Audio Frequency Swing: 25 kHz
• Intermediate Frequency
41 MHz TO 47 MHz
• Frequency/Channel Separation in a given
area: 1 channel Gap
TELEVISION SPECTRUM
 Ex. CHANNEL 7
• 174 MHz to 180 MHz (6 MHz BW)
• Picture Carrier: 175.25 MHz
• Sound Carrier: 179.75 MHz

179.75 MHz
175.25 MHz

174 MHz 180 MHz

 Next
• Broadcast Station Set Up