Philippine Literature

during the American

Period
 Historical Background

 The
Filipino Revolutionists won against the Spaniards
who colonized for more than 300 years.
 June12, 1898 raised the Philippine flag as a symbol of
our independence.
 Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo was selected the first
president of the Philippine Republic but this was short
lived
 The Filipino American war resulted in the defeat of Gen.
Miguel Malvar in 1903. The peace movements started as
early as 1900.

Many Filipino started writing again and the

nationalism of the people remain undaunted.

Filipino writers went into all forms of literature like news

reporting, poetry, stories, plays, essays and novels. Their writings
clearly depicted their love of country and their longings for
independence.
In 1910

Hence, Spanish, Tagalog

A new group , the Vernaculars and
finally , English, were the
started to write in mediums used in
English. literature during these
times.
The writers in Spanish were
want to write on nationalism
like honoring Rizal and other
heroes.
The writers in Tagalog continued in
their lamentations on the
conditions of the country and their
attempts to arouse love for one’s
native tongue. The writers in English
imitated the themes and methods
of the Americans.
 The UP college Folio was later
replaced by the Philippine Collegian.

Dead Stars by Paz Marquez Benitez

stand out as a model of perfection in
In 1920 character delineation, local color,
plot and message.

1933 - Footnote to youth by Jose

Garcia Villa
 KAHAPON, NGAYON AT BUKAS (Yesterday,
Today and Tomorrow) Written by Aurelio
Tolentino

TANIKALANG GINTO of Juan Abad

Plays MALAYA by Thomas Remigio

WALANG SUGAT by Severino Reyes

 Opening of Public Schools

 Education became a very important issue for

the united states colonial government, since
it allowed it to spread their cultural values,
particularly the English language, to the
Filipino people.
 By 1901, public education was
institutionalized in the Philippines, with English
serving the medium of instruction.
 a) Cecilio Apostol - wrote "A RIZAL" and is considered the best
poem in praise of the hero of bagumbayan.

b) Fernando Ma. Guerero - he collected the best of his poem

in a book called Crisalidas, and one of the poems written in
this book was "INVOCACION A RIZAL"

Characteristics of Literature during this Period

 Characteristics of Literature during this
Period

c) Jesus Balmori - well-known for his pen name of Batikuling. He and Manuel Bernabe
participated in a debate on the topic - "REMEMBRANCE and FORGETFULNESS". He
was elected Poet Laureate in Spanish besting Manuel Bernabe.

d) Manuel Bernabe - is a lyric poet. He was more attractive to the public in a debate
with balmori because of the melodious words he used. He defended OLVIDO

e) Claro M. Recto - he collected his poems in a book entitled BAJO LOS COCOTEROS.
One of his writings dedicated to Rizal is "ANTE EL MARTIR".
 Adelina Guerrea was first woman
poet in the Philippines who was
good in Spanish. She obtained
the Nobel Prize in her EL NIDO.
Other Writers
in Spanish
Isidro Marpori became famous for
his four books entitled Aroma de
Ensueno.
 Macario Adriatico wrote
of Legend of Mindoro
Other entitled La Punta de Salto
Writers in
Spanish Epifanio de los Santos
 a) Lope K. Santos - "Father of the
National language Grammar", he was
also called "apo" of the tagalog writers.
"BANAAG AT SIKAT" was his master
Filipino piece.

Writers b) Jose Corazon de Jesus - known as

huseng batute, he was also called the
poet of love in his time. "AG ISANG
PUNONG KAHOY", an elegy, is believed
to be his masterpiece.
 Armando V. Hernandez - was dubbed
"Poet of theLaborers", his masterpiece is
"ANG PANDAY“
Filipino
Writers Valeriano Hernandez Pena - known as
Tandang Anong, he considers "NENA AT
NENENG" his masterpiece.

) Inigo Ed Regalado - a popular story

teller, novelist and newspaper man. He
reach the peak of his success by the
"sumpong" of his pen.
  In a way, we can say that
we can trace the
Philippine beginnings of Philippine
Literature in literature in English with
the coming of the
English
Americans.
 For this purpose, we can
divide this period into
three time frames, namely:
 The Period of Re-Orientation (1898-
1910)

 English as a literary vehicle came with

the American occupation in August
13, 1898 and as they say, a choice
bestowed on us by history.
 By 1900, English came to be used as a
medium of instruction in the public
schools. From the American forces
were recruited the first teachers of
English.
The Period of Re-Orientation (1898-1910)

 By 1908, the primary and

intermediate grades were
using English. It was also about
this time when UP, the
forerunner in the use of English
in higher education, was
founded
 By 1919, the UP College Folio
THE published the literary compositions
PERIOD of the first Filipino writers in English.
They were the pioneers in short
OF story writing.
IMITATION
They were then groping their way
1910- into imitating American and British
1924) models which resulted in a stilted,
artificial and unnatural style,
lacking vitality and spontaneity.
  By this time, Filipino
writers had acquired the
PERIOD OF mastery of English writing.
SELF-  They now confidently and
competently wrote on a lot
DISCOVERY of subjects although the old-
AND time favorites of love and
GROWTH youth persisted.
(1925-1941)  They went into all forms of
writing like the novel and
the drama.
 Poetry. Noteworthy names in this field
,they wrote in free verse, in odes and
PERIOD OF sonnets and in other types. Poetry was
original, spontaneous, competently
SELF- written and later, incorporated social
consciousness.
DISCOVERY
AND
GROWTH Short Story (1925-1941) Poetry and short
(1925-1941) story flourished during these
times.
 Publications. The Philippine Free Press
PERIOD OF provided the first incentives to
Filipino writers in English by offering
SELF- prizes to worthwhile contribution.
DISCOVERY Other publication followed suit.

AND
The Drama.(1925-1941) Drama
GROWTH during this period did not reach the
heights attained by the novel or the
(1925-1941) short story.
 philippineliterature04.snack.ws/ameri
can-regime-1898- 1941.html
 britannica.com/event/Philippine-
Revolution
 philippineliteraryfestival.com
 ncca.gov.ph