Attitude and Job Satisfaction

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 Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
Contrast the three components of an attitude.
Summarize the relationship between attitudes and
behavior.
Compare and contrast the major job attitudes.
Define job satisfaction and show how we can
measure it.
Summarize the main causes of job satisfaction.
Identify four employee responses to dissatisfaction.
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LO 1
Attitude
 Attitudes are evaluative statements or judgments –
either favorable or unfavorable – about objects,
people, or events.

 They reflect how we feel about something.

 When I say “ I like my job”

 Attitude are complex

 In order to fully understanding, we must consider

their components
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 Contrast the Three
Components of an Attitude
Cognitive component
 The opinion or belief segment of an attitude
• E.g. My pay is very low, working hour to long , flexibility in timing

Affective component
 The emotional or feeling segment of an attitude
• E.g. I am angry over how little I am paid, upset on working hours, happy on
flexibility

Behavioral component
 An intention to behave in a certain way toward
someone or something. 1-4
• E.g. Looking another job, not looking another job due to time flexibility

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 Examples
The statement, ‘a person who eats meat and then
fights for animal rights demonstrates double
standard’ is an evaluative statement.

Such an opinion constitutes the cognitive
component of an attitude.

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LO 1 Contrast the Three
Components of an Attitude

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 Scenario question
Sidra is a sales executive at HBL Bank in GRW. She is
the best performer on her team and often gets the
highest number of corporate accounts for the
company. However, she feels that she does not get
sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she
says to her colleague, "I have been getting the
largest accounts for the bank for the past eight
months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the
kind of effort I put in to get these accounts."
Which component of attitude is being 1-7
demonstrated by Sidra?
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 Scenario question
Sarah works as a security officer and is in charge of
keeping track of who is in the office at any given
time. She notices that some employees do not sign
out of the office when they go out for meals, which
makes it difficult to keep track of attendance of
employees. Even though Sarah has repeatedly asked
the employees to sign out, they have not followed
her advice. She now decides to report the issue to
her supervisor.
Which of the following components of an attitude is 1-8
being demonstrated by Sarah?
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 Scenario question
Iffat works as a writer at a fashion magazine in LHR.
She was recently asked by her editor to write an
article on "10 must-haves for the winter season."
Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is
not interesting enough to hold the attention of the
reader. Iffat is upset and disappointed about the
feedback.
Which component of an attitude is represented in
this scenario?
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LO 2 The Relationship
Between Attitudes and Behavior

 Cognitive dissonance is any incompatibility an
individual might perceive between two or more
attitudes or between behavior and attitudes.
• Q Mobile is better than Samsung ?
• Person don’t like to smoke but he work in Tobacco factory with high pay.

No individual can completely avoid dissonance



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Ayesha owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and
strongly believes that it is important that workers'
rights be respected. However, because of the recent
economic meltdown, she makes the management
pay workers a wage which is below ethical
standards. In addition, the working conditions are
below standards because of low investment in
safety equipment. She knows her actions are
unethical but continues to do so to avoid major
losses. Ayesha is most likely to be experiencing 1-11
________.
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LO 3
Major Job Attitudes
Job Satisfaction
 A positive feeling about the job resulting from an
evaluation of its characteristics.

 A person with high level of job satisfaction holds

positive feeling about his/her job
 While with low level of job satisfaction holds negative
feelings about his/her job

 As you mentioned in your assignment that UCP

teacher are satisfied their current job and they have
positive feeling about this particular organization 3-12

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LO 3
Major Job Attitudes
Organizational Commitment
 Identifying with a particular organization and its goals and
wishing to maintain membership in the organization.
(emotional attachment)

 Positive relationship between organizational commitment and

job productivity, performance,

 Theoretical models propose that employees who are committed

will be less likely to engage in work withdrawal even if they are
dissatisfied, because they have a sense of organizational loyalty.

 3 Key Types of Organizational Commitment 3-13

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 Affective commitment
Affective commitment relates to how much
employees want to stay at their organization.

If an employee is affectively committed to their

organization, it means that they want to stay at their
organization.

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 Continuance commitment
Continuance commitment relates to how much
employees feel the need to stay at their
organization.

 their salary and fringe benefits won’t improve if

they move to another organization.

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 Normative commitment
Normative commitment relates to how much
employees feel they should stay at their
organization.

Normatively committed employees feel that leaving

their organization would have terrible/devastating
consequences, and feel a sense of guilt about the
possibility of leaving.

http://asqhdandl.org/uploads/3/4/6/3/34636479/c 1-16
ommitment.pdf
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 Major Job Attitudes
Job Involvement
 Degree of psychological identification with the
job where perceived performance is important to
self-worth.
 High level of job involvement is positively related
to job performance, low turnover and reduce
absenteeism

 1-17

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LO 3
Major Job Attitudes

Perceived Organizational Support (POS)

 Degree to which employees believe the
organization values their contribution and cares
about their well-being.
 Higher when rewards are fair, employees are
involved in decision making, and supervisors are
seen as supportive.
 High POS is related to higher OCBs and
performance. 3-18

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The following statements on a seven-point
scale to measure the POS

My organization cares about my opinions.

My organization really cares about my well-being.
My organization strongly considers my goals and values.
Help is available from my organization when I have a
problem.
My organization would forgive an honest mistake on my
part.
If given the opportunity, my organization would take
advantage of me.
My organization shows very little concern for me.
My organization is willing to help me, if I need a special 1-19
favor.
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LO 3
Major Job Attitudes
Employee Engagement
 An individual’s involvement with, satisfaction with,
and enthusiasm for, the work he or she does.
• Employees have access to resources, opportunity to learn new skills
• Interaction with co-workers, supervisors are rewarding

 Engaged employees are passionate about their work

and feel a deep connection to their company.

 Disengaged employees have essentially checked out –

putting time but not energy or attention into their
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work. (Monkey king)
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 QUESTION
Asma, a sales executive at a bank, earns $35,000 a year. Her
company often allows her to work her schedule around her
daughter's school athletic events. She believes in the goals of her
organization and works hard toward achieving them. Asma's
husband, Jamshed, has recently joined an engineering firm as a
designer. He earns $75,000 a year. His job involves working long
hours from Monday to Friday, and his work is often stressful. But
he enjoys his work and is passionate about the projects he works
on. Due to Jamsheed's time constraints, his wife, Asma, attends all
their children's school events.
How would you compare Asma and Jamshed's levels of job
satisfaction?
Describe how you would measure their satisfaction level if the level
of comfortable living in their country is $40,000. In addition, name
at least three major job attitudes that play a part in each of their
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satisfaction levels.
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LO 3
Major Job Attitudes
Are these job attitudes really all that distinct?

 No, these attitudes are highly related; and

while there is some distinction, there is also a
lot of overlap that may cause confusion.


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LO 4 Define Job Satisfaction
and Show How It Can Be Measured
Job Satisfaction
 A positive feeling about a job resulting from an
evaluation of its characteristics.
Two approaches for measuring job satisfaction are
popular
 The single global rating.
• (response to one question on likert scale)

 The summation of job facets.

identify key job elements such as pay, promotion
opportunity, working condition, nature of work and
relationship with co-workers.
researcher create an overall job satisfaction score 3-23
 Is One method is superior?
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LO 5

Causes of Job Satisfaction

What causes job satisfaction?
 Research shows that job satisfaction is correlated
with life satisfaction.
 Pay influences job satisfaction only to a point.
 Personality also plays a role in job satisfaction.
People who have positive core self-evaluations,
who believe in their inner worth and basic
competence, are more satisfied with their jobs
than those with negative core self-evaluations.
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Identify Four Employee
Responses to Dissatisfaction
 Exit
Dissatisfaction expressed through
behavior directed to Leaving the
organization (looking job as well
as resigning)
Voice
Dissatisfaction expressed through
active and constructive attempts
to improve conditions
(suggesting to or discussing with
superior ) 3-25

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 Identify Four Employee
LO 6

Responses to Dissatisfaction
 Loyalty
Dissatisfaction expressed through
passively waiting for conditions
to improve (wait, wait, wait )
Neglect
Dissatisfaction expressed through
allowing conditions to worse
(includes lateness, reduced
efforts, increase error rate)

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 Question
Saima has just been passed over for a promotion
and is still earning less than $40,000 a year. She is
experiencing a very low level of job satisfaction.
Describe two active responses that Saima might
undertake due to her dissatisfaction. Design a plan
that Saima's immediate supervisor can use to
diffuse the situation and keep her on board with the
company.

Which type of dissatisfaction response? 27

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 Question
Karen is upset with her supervisor because she was
denied her requested vacation days. She is
experiencing a very low level of job satisfaction but
cannot afford to quit her job. Describe three
negative, passive responses that Karen might take
due to her dissatisfaction. Imagine that her manager
actively catches her in a manifestation of workplace
deviance. Predict the outcome of Karen's behavior.

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LO 6 Outcomes of job satisfaction/
dissatisfaction
More specific outcomes of job satisfaction include:
 Job Satisfaction and Job Performance
Happy workers are more likely to be productive workers.
 Job Satisfaction and OCB
People who are more satisfied with their jobs are more
likely to engage in OCB (talk positively about
organization, help others).
 Job Satisfaction and Customer Satisfaction
Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and
loyalty.
 Job Satisfaction and Absenteeism
There is a consistent negative relationship between
satisfaction and absenteeism. 3-29

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Cont.

 Job Satisfaction and Turnover

A pattern of lowered job satisfaction is a
predictor of possible intent to leave.
 Job Satisfaction and Workplace Deviance
If employees don’t like their work environment,
they’ll respond somehow.

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 Implications for Managers
Pay attention to your employees’ job satisfaction levels as
determinants of their performance, turnover, absenteeism,
and withdrawal behaviors.
Measure employee job attitudes objectively and at regular
intervals in order to determine how employees are reacting to
their work.
To raise employee satisfaction, evaluate the fit between the
employee’s work interests and the intrinsic parts of his/her
job to create work that is challenging and interesting to the
individual.

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