Waste Water

Treatment –
Village Pond
Renovation
PUNJAB EXPERIENCE
 Blocks 149
Villages 13033
Total Population- 2011 2.77 Crore
Rural census
Punjab
Rural Population- 2011 1.73 Crore
census
Average Population 1330
per village

2
3 Waste Water Management
-Challenges and Issues
Manifold increase in provision of drinking water to villages - piped water supply
which was initially provided @ 40 LPCD has now been enhanced to 70 LPCD

Individual submersible pumps further add to the enhanced availability of water

On the other hand, encroachments have reduced the effective size of ponds

Increase in Population
 Village ponds in the Punjab State have great
importance and these were considered as the
gift from mother nature to the mankind.

During Earlier times, ponds were used for storing

the rain water, . These were good source of
ground water recharging.

In present times ponds don’t bear the same

rosy picture as in early times.

Earlier the village pond was a place of

recreation and rain water harvest & recharge
structure .

In present times Ponds are choked and filthy

.They have become source of nuisance
causing insanitary and unhygienic conditions. Village Ponds
Past Perspective
Footer text here July 22, 2012 4
 Quantity of waste water generation

• Average Population of Village 1330
• Design Water Supply in village 70 lpcd( Litre per capita per day )
• Actual supply due to over pumping (33%) 23 lpcd
• Water from private submersible pumps 30 lpcd
• Total consumption 123 lpcd
• Waste Generation 80% of total consumption 99 lpcd
• Daily waste water generated in the Village 131 KL

5
 Sources Of Sewage

Waste Water Source Quantum

 Black Water Toilets Daily (70lpcd

 Grey Water Kitchen, Bath Rooms Water Supply)

 Storm Water Rain Rainy Season

 Other Cattle & Vehicle Washing Submersible

pumping
(not measurable)
6
 Sewerage System in Villages

 There are 13033 villages in the State of Punjab
 All the villages in the State have been declared ODF, there is no system
in place to provide Sewerage System in the Villages as being done for
urban areas.
 Sewerage System itself have heavy financial outlay. Further more,
running the facility too involves high cost.
 To cover entire villages of the State with some kind of sewerage system,
funds to the tune of Rs 15000 Crore would be needed.

7
 Waste Water Management Handling
Initiatives

 Gram Panchayats at their own level have attempted to provide
sewerage system in their villages with financial aid from NRI’s.
 Either conventional or modified innovative techniques have been
used by such Gram Panchayats.
 In 2006, a Low Cost Small Bore Size Sewerage System based on
the Nolson Technology, a Swedish Expert, was devised by
Punjab State Council for Science and Technology and sewerage
system was laid in 122 villages under a scheme called “Village
Development Fund.”

8
Waste Water Management Handling
Initiatives continued…

 Works under Village Development Fund were executed
jointly by DWSS (81 villages), RD&P Department (38
villages) & PSCST (3 villages).
 Thereafter, Department of Water Supply and Sanitation had
provided Sewerage System in 98 villages under a World
Bank Project.
 Some of the villages on the periphery of the big towns have
also been provided with the sewerage system, though
conventional one, where sewerage pipe lines are joined with
the main sewer lines of Municipal Sewerage System
9
Waste Water Management Handling
Initiatives

 Baba Seechewal, an environmental activist, had further
modified the low cost sewerage system and helped
number of Gram Panchayats to lay Sewerage System
in their villages.
 Nearly 300 villages in the State have been provided
with the facility of some kind of a Sewerage System.
 The work of providing sewerage system in the villages
are done either by the Departments mainly by the
Department of Water Supply and Sanitation or by the
respective Gram Panchayat.
10
11
 VDF – Low Cost Small Bore
Size Sewerage System (SBSSS)

 Solid component of the sewerage is retained at individual
house in an intercepting chamber. The anaerobic digestion
continuously decompose sewerage solid.
 Since solid waste is retained in the intercepting chambers and
only supernatant is to be carried, small dia pipe varying 4” to
6” are used to lay sewer lines.
 Flush out were installed at the street cross section to act as a
flushing cistern.
 Waste water is collected in RCC Collecting chamber and
made to pass through reverse anaerobic filter.
 Finally the water is discharged into stabilization pond for
aerobic treatment. 12
Flow Chart


13
Flow Chart


14
SBSSS Technology Bottleneck

 Only WC, Bathroom and Kitchen waste has been taken care of.
Storm water and animal waste is not to be carried.
 Small dia pipes are prone to blockage due to dumping of
garbage, trash and animal waste.
 HDPE pipes used in this scheme needs high skill of jointing.
 Mass failure of plastic tanks used as intercepting chambers,
resulted into delay and vigilance probe.
 Plastic tanks were thereafter replaced with masonry tanks
which has increased the cost
 People are unwilling to pay even the nominal O&M cost of Rs
50 – Rs 60 per month per household

15
 SBSSS – Cost of Project

Agency Villages Cost

DWSS 81 villages 115 Cr

RD&P Department 38 villages 39 Cr
PSCST 03 villages 1.2 Cr
Total 122 villages 175 Cr

Per capita Cost Rs 7000

16
Grey water management under World
Bank Project

 DWSS has executed a world bank project whereby
sewerage system was laid in 98 villages with an
estimated cost of Rs 178 crore.
 Modification over SBSSS
 SN8 Pipe instead of HDPE pipe
 Minimum 6” Dia pipe instead of 4” Dia
 Manhole instead of Cleanout
 Waste Water Stabilization Technique for treatment instead
of anaerobic reverse filter & stabilization pond
 Village Development Committees were formed and were
involved in the execution and collection of user charges. 17
SEECHEWAL MODEL


18
 Treatment Technology adopted by Gram Panchyats
• Grey water from house hold connected directly to sewer and black
water through intercepting chamber /septic tank
• PVC SN8 Pipes or RCC Pipes NP3 grade used for conveyance of
waste water to STP site
• Village Pond remodeled as STP
• STP consists of three tanks , stabilization Pond and Discharge
Pond
• Rain water partially connected to sewer through Road Gully

Footer text here July 22, 2012

Gram Panchayats Initiatives

Gram Panchyats have laid pipe sewers in the village to transport waster
water to treatment facility . The household level connection used by GPs are
as below

20
 Secondary Facultative
Inlet Drain
Clarifier Pond

Bye Pass drain

to divert rain Polishing cum
Grease Trap
water to storage storage Pond
Pond

Grit Removal
Screen
Chamber

Components of Liquid Waste

Management
22

Primary
Screen sedimen Grease Secondary Facultative
tation Trap sedimenta Pond
Tank tion Tank

Rain water Bye

Pass
Polishing cum
storage Pond

Lay-out
Footer text here July 22, 2012
Screen and Sedimentation Tank
Remodelled Village Pond Ludhiana
Pictures of Renovated Pond Village Chakkar
Ludhiana
Migratory Birds Relaxing on the Embankments of Renovated Pond –
Indicating improvement in Environmental Conditions
MNREGA Workers engaged in Desilting
 Earthen
Embankment
Construction in
Progress
 Alternative Solution - Soak Pits

 The small ODF villages, where Black water has already been taken care
of, the Grey water will be treated at source by constructing soakage pits
at individual household premises.
 Grey water would not stagnate in the streets and Stress on the ponds is
also reduced substantially.
 A pilot project in Manspal Village, District Mansa has already been completed
which has won SKOCH Award for Smart Governance and Best
implementation of MG-NREGA (Panchayat)

29
Soak Pit


30
Stage of Construction


31
Before and After (Soak Pit Project)


32
33
 Study by Thapar University
Patiala

 Thapar University Patiala has carried evaluation of grey water
management initiatives at Village
 Seehewal – Jalandhar
 Chakkar Ludhiana
 Dewatwal Ludhiana
 Haripur Jallnadhar
 The teams from Thapar university visited sites observed the working of
system and took grab samples of from various units of treatment plants

34
 Gram Panchayats Initiatives

 Village Dawetwal district Ludhiana
 Gram Panchayat Dawetwal in consultation with Baba Seechewal modified
the scheme implemented by DWSS under world bank project to the extent
that collecting tank at the tail end has been replaced with vortex oil and
sludge separator arrangement.
 Provision for storm water has also been taken and arrangement to by-pass
storm water to dedicated pond has been made at the tail end.

35
Gram Panchayats Initiatives

 Village Haripur district Jallandhar
Gram Panchayat Haripur had adopted the model of
Dawetwal village with minor modification:
 Storm water taken care of through surface runoff and
collected at the tail end through an inspection chamber
before disposing it in the dedicated pond.
 Manhole are provided with L type outlet with iron
screen, which enables silt to be deposited at manhole
itself.
 NP2 pipes has been used instead of SN8 pipe, though
not recommended for sewerage disposal. 36
 Characteristics of Waste water and treatment
efficiency of STP at Haripur - Jallandhar

Inlet Third Outlet of Treatment
Sno Parameters
(Screen) well Pond Efficiency in %

1 Total Solids (mg/lt) 740 600 590 20

2 Total Dissolved solids(mg/lt) 700 580 520 26

3 Total Suspended Solids (mg/lt) 40 20 70 -75

4 COD (mg/lt) 480 200 100 79

5 BOD( mg/lt) 145 60 37.5 74
Total Kjeldahl NitrogenTKN
6 21 - 14.8 30
(ug/lt)
37
7 Sulfate (mg/lt) 304.5 201.6 197.5 35
 Characteristics of Waste water and treatment efficiency
of STP at Seechewal - Dewatwal Ludhiana

Inlet Third Outlet Treatment
Sno Parameters
(Screen) well of Pond Efficiency in %
1 Total Solids (mg/lt) 800 730 840 -5
Total Dissolved
2 680 640 600 12
solids(mg/lt)
Total Suspended Solids
3 120 90 240 -100
(mg/lt)
4 COD (mg/lt) 340 200 120 65
5 BOD( mg/lt) 138 84 38 72
Total Kjeldahl NitrogenTKN
6 41.9 - 13.9 67
(ug/lt) 38

7 Sulfate (mg/lt) 395.1 312 312 21

 Characteristics of Waste water and treatment efficiency
of STP at Seechewal - Chakkar Ludhiana

Inlet Outlet of Treatment
Parameters Third well
(Screen) Pond Efficiency in %

Total Solids (mg/lt) 1420 1250 810 43

Total Dissolved solids(mg/lt) 1180 960 640 46

Total Suspended Solids (mg/lt) 240 240 290 -21

COD (mg/lt) 600 280 160 73

BOD( mg/lt) 172.5 96 44 74
Total Kjeldahl NitrogenTKN
68.9 - 9.4 86
(ug/lt)
39
Sulfate (mg/lt) 329.2 312.8 205.8 37
Characteristics of Waste water and treatment efficiency
of STP at Seechewal - Seechewal Kapurthala

Inlet Third Outlet of Treatment
Sno Parameters
(Screen) well Pond Efficiency in %

1 Total Solids (mg/lt) 610 590 530 13

2 Total Dissolved solids(mg/lt) 540 530 460 15

Total Suspended Solids

3 70 60 70 0
(mg/lt)
4 COD (mg/lt) 136 112 96 29
5 BOD( mg/lt) 50 35 30 40
Total Kjeldahl NitrogenTKN
6 32.9 - 26.2 20
(ug/lt)
7 Sulfate (mg/lt) 428 378 271 37 40
41
 Technology Options for Various types of
Villages to treat Waste Water

Soakage pits for low population villages.- houses less than
100
Conventional Sewers for peri-urban villages –convergence
with city sewer system
A combination of Haripur & Dawetwal village models and
Technology used by DWSS in World Bank Project for other
villages.

42
 Waste Water
Treatment
Arrangement –
Recommended by
Thapar University
Patiala

July 22, 2012

Footer text here 43

 Sizes of Various Components recommended by Thapar University for
Village with 1000 population –piped water supply


Component Size and Shape

Screen Opening size 25 mm Angle of screen to Flow 30-60O

Retention time 8 HRS
Shape Circular of Dia- 4 mt
Digestion unit
Water Depth -4 mt
Sludge generation rate 6.5 Kg/day
Shape Circular of Dia- 4 mt
Skimming Tank
Water Depth -4 mt
Stabilisation Tank circular of Dia 3 Mt Depth 2.5 mt
Depth -1.5 mt Voulme 1350 Cum
Oxidation Pond
Area 900 sq metre
44
Storage Tank Area 5500 Sq metre Depth -1.8 mt
 Selection of Villages

 All peri-urban villages needs to be taken on priority basis
 Small ODF villages should be covered by providing Soakage pits.
 Other villages shall be selected on demand base basis. For this
purpose:
 IEC activities to be carried out in the villages to create demand for
scheme
 Social Awareness Campaign to be launched
 Independent team to check the preparedness
 A screening committee to be formed to recommend village

45
 Sources of Funds

SLWM grants under Swachh Bharat Gramin
MNREGA funds
SBM Incentive Funds
Funds under Smart Village scheme of Govt of Punjab

46
 This technology is very suitable for the use by GP for
treating grey water collected from the village via
drainage system.

No Electricity is required

Availability of open land owned by GP at a

desirable spot may be a problem
Limitation During rainy season the system is likely to
Suitability of be disturbed and may need renovation
after rainy season.
Waste
Stabilization Proper designing and technical inputs are necessary.
Pond

Strong Community Participation in designing ,

construction and operation
Thank You


48