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Chapter 8
Solutions… a review
A solution is a homogeneous mixture
ie. they appear as ONE substance
Examples:
tap water
Vinegar
gold jewelry
Making solutions:
solutes and solvents
When you mix two
substances and they form a
solution, you say that one
substance dissolves in the
other substance.
Solutions have 2 parts:
Solute Solvent
The The substance
substance that in which the
dissolves solute dissolves
(found in less (found in the
amounts) greatest
amounts)
Dissolving...
To mix completely:
the solute dissolves into the
solvent.
Different states of solutes
and solvents p. 255
Air
Soda
Filtered sea
water
Brass
Sugar water
Vinegar
Liquid
5% acetic acid Liquid
95% water
Air
- 78%: Nitrogen
Gas
- 22%: oxygen,
carbon dioxide, Gas
other gases
Soda
Gas
- carbon dioxide
Liquid
- water
Filtered Sea Water
- Water Liquid
- Salt and other
minerals Solid
100 % Brass
- 35g zinc Solid
- 65% copper Solid
**Alloy: Solutions made
from two or more metals.
Sugar water
- 1 teaspoon of Solid
sugar
- 1 cup of water Liquid
In class activity
Soluble
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soluble
insoluble
Insoluble in some solvents,
soluble in othersp.257
Why some substances dissolve
p.258
CONCENTRATION AND
SOLUBILITY
Concentration and
solubility
Can be described
qualitatively or
quantitatively.
Qualitative Quantitative
Using words Using
such as like numbers.
“dilute” or This is
“concentrated” especially
important
when safety is
an issue!
Student Practice… (page 471)
Qualitative or Quantitative?
Saturated Unsaturated
Will form when no More solute is able to
more solute will dissolve at a certain
dissolve at a certain temperature
temperature
Concentration is…
Expressed as the amount of solute
per unit volume.
Examples:-g/L or g/mL
-ppm (parts per million)
- percentage be mass
Which is dilute and which is more
concentrated for each example?
Example 1:
Orange juice from concentrate: ___________
Weak Kool-Aid: ____________________
Example 2:
A solution with a concentration: 20g/100mL _______
A solution with a concentration: 25g/25mL_________
Example 3:
A solution with a concentration: 20/80mL__________
A solution with a concentration: 20/100mL ________
Time to think…
Concentrated solutions can be:
1. Adding more solute and keeping the
amount of solvent the same.
2. Keeping the amount of solute the
same and reducing the amount of
solvent.
Example
boiling off the water while making jam
a solution could be considered
“concentrated” and still be unsaturated.
In class activity
Rate of dissolving
p.265
Gases are
more soluble
in liquids
under higher
pressure.
Pressure:
Open a bottle or can of pop!
As pressure increases, the solubility of a gas
generally increases.
Higher pressure forces extra gas particles into
the spaces between the water particles.
As pressure decreases, the solubility of a gas
generally decreases.
Open the can and the pressure inside lowers
quickly. Gas solute comes out of the solution. IE:
bubbles
CORE LABORATORY
ACTIVITY: HOW DOES
TEMPERATURE AFFECT
SOLUBILITY?
In class activity