Weeds

WEEDS ?

UNWANTED
OUT-OF-PLACE UNDESIRABLE

GROWING IN AN AREA WHERE

IT IS NOT DESIRED

USELESS
THEIR HARMFUL EFFECTS EXCEED
THEIR BENEFITS

INTERFERE WITH HUMAN ACTIVITY

 Characteristics Of Weeds
• Rapid vegetative growth ; profuse root production
• Reproduce early and efficiently
• Ability to survive in adverse conditions
• Propagules posses dormancy ; can be inducedto be dormant
• Cause significant damage even at low Densities
 Harmful Effects Of Weeds
 Reduce yield quantity and quality
 Serve as alternate hosts for other pests
 Increase production cost
 Clog waterways and irrigation canals
 Release chemicals harmful to other plants
 Reduce land value
 Beneficial Effects Of Weeds
• Reduce soil erosion in hilly areas
• Source of food for man and animals
• Prevent leaching of nutrients and return them to the soil
• Source of biopesticides and drugs
• Source of germplasm for crop improvement
• Provide habitat for insect predators
Most of the weeds complete their life-cycle within a very short
time when compared to the crops in which they occur. Losses
caused by weeds exceed the losses from any other agricultural
pests. It is estimated that among the annual agricultural loss,
weeds account for 45%, insects 30%, disease 20% and other
pests 5%. Thus, of the four groups of agricultural pests, the
greatest losses are caused by weeds.
 Classification Of Weeds
BASED ON... 1. ORIGIN
2. HABITAT
3. LIFESPAN
4. STEM STRUCTURE
5. GROWTH HABIT
6. GROSS MORPHOLOGY
7. TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION
Based on ORIGIN:

1. ENDEMIC / NATIVE WEEDS

Native to the area where they found

2. EXOTIC / INTRODUCED WEEDS

Not native to the area where they are growing
Based on HABITAT:

1. UPLAND / TERRESTRIAL
Grow and complete their life cycle under dry or wet,
but not flooded soils

2. LOWLAND / AQUATIC
Grow and complete their life cycles in flooded areas
o FLOATING
o EMERGED
o SUBMERGED
UPLAND WEEDS…

Tropic ageratum
Bermuda grass

Itch grass Purple nutsedge

Garden spurge Hairy Buttonweed Cogon grass

beggarsticks
LOWLAND WEEDS… Bulrush

Water hyacinth

Sarromatta grass Fimbristylis

Water lettuce Pickerel weed Gooseweed

Based on LIFESPAN:

1. ANNUALS
Grow and complete their lifespan within a year or less

2. PERENNIALS
Grow for more than 1 year… some indeterminately
o SIMPLE PERENNIALS
o CREEPING / RHIZOMATOUS PERENNIALS
 ANNUAL WEEDS…

Garden spurge

Sensitive plant

Spiny amaranth

Fire plant

Three-lobed morning
glory

Synedrella
Tropic ageratum
ANNUAL WEEDS… Jungle rice

Goosegrass
Gooseweed
Smallflower umbrella
plant

Itch grass
Barnyard grass Rice flatsedge
PERENNIAL WEEDS…

Mexican sunflower

Johnson grass

Devil weed

Carabao grass

Para grass Wild saccharum

Cogon grass
Based on STEM STRUCTURE:

1. HERBACEOUS
Stem is succulent, does not undergo secondary
growth; common in annuals

2. WOODY
Stem is hard and with a bark. Common in
perennials
Based on GROWTH HABIT:

1. ERECT
Stem grows vertically upward without the aid
of any support

2. TWINING
Stem needs support in order to grow vertically

3. CREEPING
Stems grows horizontally along the ground
o PROCUMBENT - lying along the ground, but not
putting forth roots
o DECUMBENT - lying or trailing on the ground with
the extremity tending to ascend.
Based on GROSS MORPHOLOGY:

1. GRASSES
Narrow leaves with parallel veins ; rounded stems
with distinct nodes & internodes ; fibrous root system

2. SEDGES
Narrow leaves with parallel veins ; triangular stems ;
fibrous root system

3. BROADLEAVES
Wide/broad leaves ; stems woody or succulent ;
usually with tap root system
 Broadleaf

Grass Sedge
Fibrous root
system
Taproot system
 GRASSES SEDGES BROADLEAVES
Elongated; narrow Elongated; narrow Broad and
LEAVES with parallel with parallel expanded; most
venation venation have netted veins
Succulent; Succulent; Some are
STEM rounded and triangular and succulent and
hollow with filled with others are woody;
distinct nodes and compressed nodes distinct
internodes nodes
ROOTS Fibrous but most
Fibrous Fibrous have taproots
GRASS WEEDS…

Chloris barbata
Para grass

Carabao grass

Johnson grass Themeda triandra

Crab grass
Sprangle top Crowfoot grass
SEDGES…

Bulrush
Purple nutsedge
Fimbristylis

White kyllingia Cyperus brevifolius Smallflower umbrella plant

BROADLEAF WEEDS…

Yellow dots Hairy beggarsticks Corchorus olitorius

Mile-a-minute buttonweed Tropic ageratum

BROADLEAF WEEDS…

Giant sensitive plant Celosia Alternanthera

Dayflower Wild serana Yellow peanut plant

Based on TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION:

- Scientific classification based in the morphology and

anatomy of plants. Naming is based on the Binomial
System of Nomenclature by Linneaus which requires that
scientific names should have the generic and specific
names