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Failure Criterion For Composite Materials
Presented by:
TALLAT MASOOD 17-MS-PT-AMD-01
FAIZAN SHABBIR 17-MS-PT-AMD-06
Failure may be defined as the first event that damages the structure or the
point of structural collapse.
For composite laminates we distinguish between “first ply failure” when
the first ply is damaged and “ultimate failure” when the laminate fails to
carry the load.
Ultimate failure requires “progressive failure” analysis where we reduce
the stiffness of failed plies and redistribute the load.
Since the transverse strength and shear strength of the polymer matrix
composites (PMC) are usually much lower than the longitudinal strengths,
FPF is usually due to transverse and/or shear failure modes, which are
normally caused by matrix cracking.
17/06/2019 UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, TAXILA. 7
Maximum-Stress Failure Theory
It states that failure will occur if any one of the stresses (induced by the
applied loads) in the principal material axes exceed the corresponding
allowable stress . Therefore, to avoid failure all the following inequalities
must be satisfied.
σ L < σ LU σ T < σTU τ LT < τ LTU
where, σ L, σ T, and τ LT are the stresses produced by the applied loads and
σ LU , σ TU , and τ LTU are the allowable stresses.
x y x y
2
1,2 xy
2
2 2
uc 1 , 2 ut
What is wrong with the figure?
Sy
12 or 1 2 S y and 1 S y and 2 S y
2
1 2 S
2
1
2
2
2
y
In order to use any failure criteria efficiently, the strength ratio R is defined as the
strength over the applied stress.
Hill modified this criterion for the case of ductile metals with anisotropy and proposed the following
form:
Tsai and Wu proposed a modified tensor polynomial theory by assuming the existence of a failure surface
in the stress space. In contracted notation it takes the form: