ME 8353 ELECTRICAL DRIVES

AND CONTROL
 BASIC ELEMENTS

POWER CONTROL ELECTRIC MECHANICAL

SUPPLY EQUIPME MOTOR LOAD
NT
 ELECTRICAL DRIVE
A UNIT CONSITING OF AN
• ELECTRICAL MOTOR
• ENERGY TRANSMITTING SHAFT
• CONTROL EQUIPMENT
 DRIVE SYSTEM
• COMBINATION OF
• ELECTRICAL DRIVE AND CORRESPONDING
LOAD
 ADVANTAGES
• FEASIBLE CONTROL CHARACTERISTICS
• AVAILABLE IN WIDE RANGE OF SPEED TORQUE
AND POWER
• HIGHER EFFICIENCY
• LOWER NOISE
• CLEANER OPERATION
• LOW MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
• ELECTRIC ENERGY IS EASY TO TRANSPORT
 TYPES OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES
• GROUP DRIVE

• INDIVIDUAL DRIVE

• MULTIMOTOR DRIVE
 GROUP DRIVE
• DRIVE CONSISTS OF ONLY ONE ELECTRIC
MOTOR WHICH DRIVES SEVERAL MACHINES
• ADVANTAGE
• RATING OF AN ELECTRICAL DRIVE CAN BE
SMALLER
• DISADVANTAGE
• IF ELECTRIC MOTOR IS SUBJECTED TO ANY
FAULT ALL THE EQUIPMENTS BECOME IDLE
 INDIVIDUAL DRIVE
• IF A SINGLE MOTOR IS USED TO DRIVE A
SINGLE MACHINE AND ALL THE MECHANISMS
BELONGING TO THE SAME MACHINE.
• DISADVANTAGE
• DUE TO POWER LOSS ,THE EFFICIENCY OF
SUCH DRIVE IS ALSO POOR
 MULTIMOTOR DRIVE
• A SEPARATE MOTOR IS PROVIDED FOR
DRIVING THE SEPARATE MECHANISM
• ADVANTAGES
• INCREASE THE OVERALL PRODUCTIVITY
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION
OF DRIVE
• LIMIT OF SPEED RANGE
• EFFICIENCY
• BRAKING
• STARTING REQUIREMENTS
• POWER FACTOR
• LOAD FACTOR
• AVAILABILITY OF SUPPLY
• ECONOMICAL ASPECTS
 SELECTION OF MOTOR BASED ON
LOAD VARIATION
• CONTINOUS LOAD
• CONTINOUS VARIABLE LOAD
• PULSATING LOAD
• IMPACT LOADS
• SHORT TIME INTERMITTENT LOAD
• SHORT TIME LOAD
 CLASSES OF DUTY AND SELECTION OF
RATING OF MOTOR
• ONE CYCLE OF VARIATION OF LOAD IS DUTY
• CONTINOUS DUTY
• CONTINOUS DUTY,VARIABLE LOAD
• SHORT TIME DUTY
• INTERMITTENT PERIODIC DUTY
• INTERMITTENT PERIODIC DUTY WITH STARTING
• INTERMITTENT PERIODIC DUTY WITH STARTING
AND BRAKING
 POWER LOSSES AND HEATING OF
MOTOR
• COPPER LOSS
• CORE LOSS
• POWER LOSSES CAUSE LOCALISED HEATING
AND RESPONSIBLE FOR TEMPERATURE RISE
OF THE MOTOR
 STEADY STATE CONDITION
• FINAL TEMPERATURE RISE IS REACHED WHEN
THE RATE OF PRODUCTION OF HEAT AND
RATE OF HEAT DISSIPATION ARE EQUAL
 CONTINOUS RATING
• CONTINOUS RATING OF A MACHINE IS THAT
RATING FOR WHICH THE TEMPERATURE RISE
IS JUST BELOW THE PERMISSIBLE VALUE OF
TEMPERATURE RISE
 HEATING AND COOLING CURVES
• A SMALLER TIME CONSTANT IS OBTAINED FOR
GOOD VENTILATION
• THE TIME CONSTANT IS INVERSELY
PROPORTIONAL TO SPECIFIC HEAT
DISSIPATION
• COOLING TIME CONSTANT IS THE TIME
REQUIRED TO COOL THE MACHINE
 SELECTION OF POWER RATING FOR
DRIVE MOTORS
• CONTINOUS LOAD
• CONTINOUS RATING SPECIFIES THE
MAXIMUM LOAD THAT THE MOTOR CAN TAKE
OVER A PERIOD FOR TIME
• CONTINOUS VARIABLE LOAD
• CLASS OF DUTY IS SELECTED ON BASED ON
AVERAGE POWER OR CURRENT
 SELECTION OF MOTOR FOR
INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
• STEEL ROLLING MILLS
• DC MOTOR WITH WARD LEONARD SYSTEM
• AC COMMUTATOR MOTORS
• ACCURATE TORQUE AND SPEED CONTROL
 CRANES AND HOISTS
• SERIES MOTORS
• GOOD STARTING TORQUE
• ELECTRIC BRAKING AT LOW SPEED IS POSSIBLE
 TEXTILE INDUSTRY
• MODERATE STARTING TORQUE
• CONSTANT SPEED
• HIGH TORQUE SQUIRREL CAGE INDUCTION
MOTOR IS PREFFERED
 COAL AND MINNING INDUSTRY
• COAL CUTTING OR DRILLING REQUIRES
COSTANT SPEED AND HIGH STARTING TORQUE
• SQUIRREL CAGE MOTORS ARE PREFFERED
• CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS ARE USED IN MINNING
FOR PUMPING WATER.
• HIGH TORQUE SQUIRREL CAGE ARE SELECTED
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS -TWO MARKS
• DRAW THE FUNCTIONAL FUNCTIONAL
DIAGRAM OF AN ELECTRICAL DRIVE SYSTEM
• GIVE ANY TWO FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE
CHOICE OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES
• MENTION THE USAGE OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF
MOTORS WITH APPLICATION IN TEXTILE MILL
• WHAT IS MEANT INTERMITTENT DUTY
• LIST ANY FOUR ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRIC
DRIVES
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS -TWO MARKS
• WHAT IS MEANT BY ELECTRIC DRIVE
• DEFINE CONTINOUS RATING OF A MOTOR
• WHAT IS OVERLOAD CURRENT CAPABILITY OF
MOTOR
• DEFINE COOLING TIME CONSTANT OF A
MACHINE
• NAME ANY FOUR CLASSES OF DUTY
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS -SIXTEEN
MARKS
• DERIVE AN EXPRESSION FOR A THERMAL
MODEL OF MOTOR FOR HEATING AND
COOLING.ALSO DRAW THE HEATING AND
COOLING CURVE
• EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF MOTOR
DUTY WITH NEAT SKETCH
• EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS FACTORS INFLUENCING
THE CHOICE OF ELECTRICAL DRIVE
 IMPORTANT QUESTIONS -SIXTEEN
MARKS
• PROBLEMS DISCUSSED IN THE CLASS
 COMPARISON BETWEEN AC AND DC
DRIVE
S.NO D.C.DRIVE A.C DRIVE

1 SPEED TORQUE CAN BE ACHIEVED EASILY IT IS NOT EASTY TO ADJUST

SPEED TORQUE CURVES

2 SELF STARTING NOT SELF STARTING

3 FREQUENT MAINTENANCE IS REQUIRED LESS MAINTENANCE

4 COSTLY CHEAPER

5 RECTIFYING CIRCUIT IS NECESSARY NO NEED

 FOUR QUADRANT OPERATION
QUADRAN POLARITY OF POLARITY OF NATURE OF OPERATION
T VOLTAGE CURRENT

I POSITIVE POSITIVE FORWARD MOTORING

II POSITIVE NEGATIVE FORWARD REGENERATION

III NEGATIVE NEGATIVE REVERSE MOTORING

IV NEGATIVE POSITIVE REVERSE REGENERATION