PRESENTED BY: HANS

BAYABAN
 INTRODUCTION OF ECHINODERMS
 CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES
 REPRODUCTION AND LIFE CYCLE
 PICTURES AND EXAMPLES
 THE ECHINODERMS ( echino means “spiny ;
“derma” means skin ) ARE LARGE , CONSPICIOUS , ENTIRELY
MARINE INVERTEBRATES.TODAY, THIS GROUP INHABITS
VIRTUALLY EVERY CONCEIVABLE OCEANIC
ENVIROMENT,FROM SANDY BEACHES AND CORAL REEFS
TO THE GREATEST DEPTHS OF THE SEA.THEY ARE ALSO
COMMON AS FOSSILS DATING BACK 500 MILLION
YEARS.THESE LESS-FAMILIAR FOSSILS TYPES ARE
REPRESENTED BY A BIZARRE VARIETY OF ANIMALS
,SOME OF WHICH REVEAL THEIR RELATIONSHIP OF THE
LIVING ECHINODERMS ONLY AT CLOSE INSPECTION.
Echinoderms are animals you must know. If
you know a starfish , then you are well aware
of echinoderm is. Echinoderms are animals
that are invertebrates (or don’t have
backbone) . All the animals in this phylum
exhibit spiny skin and hence are grouped
together . Lets find out more about them!!!
 Echinodermata may look morphologically
(structure and form) dissimilar at a glance ,
but they all share the same characteristic
features. These animals have some really
unique shapes and have beautiful colours .
They are important ecologically and
geologically , as they provide valuable clues
about the geological environment.
 Echinoderms marine animals and can be
found in the depths of the ocean as well as in
the interdal zone.
 Echinoderms is not a freshwater or a terrestrial
organism . Water vascular system present in the
echinoderms is a unique circulatory system . This
accounts for the gaseous exchange, circulation of
nutrients ,waste elimination as well as
locomotion . The organs of locomotion in
echinoderms are called ‘TUBE FEET’ . This system
has central ring canal and radial that extend
along each arm. Through these structures , water
circulates . The madreporite is a structure
present on the top of the body . This is
responsible for regulation of the water in the
water vascular system.
 THESE ARE EXCLUSIVELY MARINE ANIMALS
 THE LARVAL FORMS SHOW BILATERAL SYMMETRY
AND ADULT FORMS SHOW RADIAL SYMMETRY
 THEY ARE TRILOBLASTIC
 IT EXHIBITS ORGAN SYSTEM GRADE OF
ORGANIZATION
 THEY HAVE TRUE COELOM
 THE BODY IS UNSEGMENTED WITHOUT A HEAD
 THE IS UNIQUELY SHAPED.IT CAN STAR LIKE ,
ELONGATED, OR SPHERICAL
 THE BODY IS UNSEGMENTED W/O A HEAD
 THE BODY SURFACE IS COVERED W/ CALCAREOUS
SPICULES.
 BODY CAVITY HAS THE DISTINGUISHING WATER VASCULAR
SYSTEM
 TUBE FEET HELP IN LOCOMOTION
 THE BRAIN IS ABSENT BUT A NERVOUS SYSTEM IS PRESENT
W/ A NERVE RING AND RADIAL NERVE CORDS
 RESPIRATION OCCURS THROUGH TUBE FEET AND GILLS
 SENSE ORGANS ARE POORLY DEVELOPED
 SEXES ARE SEPARATE
 FERTILIZATION IS EXTERNAL
 LOST PARTS CAN BE REGENERATED
PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA IS CLASSIFIED INTO
FOLLOWING CLASSES:
 ASTEROIDEA
 EXAMPLE IS ASTERIAS OR STARFISH
 ECHINOIDEA
 EXAMPLE IS ECHINUS ( SEA URCHINS )
 Ophiuroidea
 Example is OPHURIA( BRITTLE STARS)
 CRINOIDEA
 EXAMPLE IS CRINOIDS
 HOLUTHUROIDEA
 EXAMPLE IS SEA CUCUMBER
 Echinoderms are fairly advanced
invertebrates. This evident in their
embryology, which is similar to that of the
vertebrates . Most specles of echinoderms
are dioecious , meaning there are separate
male and female individuals . Although
reproduction is usually sexual , involving
fertilization of eggs by spermatozoa , several
species of echinoderms , such as sea stars ,
and sea cucumbers , can also reproduce
asexually.
 Asexual reproduction in echinoderms usually
involves the division of the body into two or
more parts ( known as fission ) and the
reproduction and missing body parts .
Successful fission and regeneration require a
body wall that can be torn and an ability to
seal resultant wounds . Successful
regeneration also requires that certain body
parts be present in the last pieces.
THE END !!!
 WATER VASCULAR SYSTEM IS PECULIAR
FEATURE OF WHAT PHYLUM?

 GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF AN ECHINODERM THAT

IS FOUND ON FRESHWATER HABITAT?

 THE ORGANS OF LOCOMOTION IN

ECHINODERMATA ARE CALLED?

 ECHINODERMS ARE ANIMALS THAT ARE

VERTEBRATES ? YES OR NO ?