SHAKER AND SCREEN

PRESENTATION

NOVEMBER 8, 1997
PRESENTED BY:
Asdrubal Morales
 WHAT IS A SHAKER?

• FIRST PIECE OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

TO HANDLE DRILL SOLIDS
• IT HANDLES THE ENTIRE CIRCULATING
SYSTEM
• RETURNS SMALLER SOLID PARTICLES TO
THE MUD SYSTEM
 WHY WE NEED SHAKERS?
• RETURN SMALLER SOLID PARTICLES
TO THE MUD SYSTEM
• LESS PUMP TROUBLE
• LESS ABRASIVENESS ON STAND PIPE
& HOSES
• BETTER PENETRATION RATE
• LESS HOLE TROUBLE
• DOLLAR SAVINGS
WHAT KIND OF SHAKERS ARE
AVAILABLE?

• LINEAR MOTION
• ELLIPTICAL MOTION
• CIRCULAR MOTION
• COMBINED LINEAR
MOTION AND ELLIPTICAL
 Shaker Operation
• General Recommendations
– Use the same Mesh screen on all panels
– Gumbo or sticky clays convey better on - 50 to
80 mesh range
– Add dilution water to shaker feed tank - more
efficient screening
– Check on basket springs for bottoming-out
– Always wash down screens and store in
properly
 Shaker Design Parameters

• Design Concepts • Design Goals

– CENTER OF GRAVITY - – Balanced basket
– G-FORCE - – Liquid / Solid Separation
– ANGLE OF ATTACK - – Proper Conveyance
– DAMPNING SYSTEMS - – Spring / Rubber
– DRIVE SYSTEM - – Direct / Belt
– SCREENING AREA - – More % area = higher
process rate
 Vibration Dynamics
• Basket =>  acceleration
– magnitude = cw mass & ƒ
– direction = placement of vibrator
• net acceleration
• g-force = vertical component
– acceleration
– amplitude
 G-Force Equation
• Accepted formula :
– G = ( Motor RPM2 * Amp ) / 70414
• G-Force mechanical measurement
• G’s = FC / PV
– FC = vibration force output
– PV = Weight of vibrating system
• Example: LCM 2D
– PV = 2700lb
– FC = 8340lbf / motor * 2 = 16680 lbf @ 80% = 13344 lbf
• Theoretically G’s = 4.94
Acceleration

 aj
90 - 

ai

W Angle of attack = 

F= ma
 Effects of Loading

•Compare basket weights

•LCM2D fully loaded looses 15% of rated G-force
•A lighter basket will have a larger loss of G-force
under loaded conditions.
•Light & heavy machines will perform equally
under light loading
•Load increases; performance will decrease in
lighter machines
 Effects of Loading on G-Force on
LCM2D
G-force as a function of Load
6

5.5
g-force output

4.5

3.5

3
2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
loading [lbs]
 SCREEN DESIGNATION
API RPI 13E
• FIRST DESIGNATION: ALL HOOKSTRIP PANEL
• PWP - Perforated 1” backing plate. Two layers extra fine square
mesh over backing cloth.
• GBG - Epoxy bonded to 8 mesh screen.
• DB - Perforated plate with triangular shaped openings
• SWG - Sandwich Screen. 2 layers
• TSS - Triton or Harrisburg Linear Motion
• PMD - Pyramid corrugated screen
• PXT - Paneled pinnacle corrugated
• BX - Blue Hex pattern, extra fine
 SCREEN DESIGNATION
API RPI 13E
• Second Designation:
– Separation Potential - D50 , D16, D84 cut points
• Third Cloth Designation:
– DX - ultra fine mesh, double layer panel
– HP - high performance, 3 layer construction
– MG - Market Grade, single layer square mesh
– TBC - Tensile bolting cloth, single layer
• Increase in Amplitude =
– POSITIVE effect conveyance and liquid
conductance
– NEGATIVE effect in screen life and
motors bearing life.
 Screen Terminology
• Conductance - ability of porous surface, such as wirecloth, to
pass fluid [Kd/mm]
• Extra fine wire cloth - wire cloth woven w/ extra fine dia.
wire. Increases open area.
• High conductance - wire cloth woven w/ extra fine dia. wire.
• Market Grade - industrial wirecloth specifications
• Tensile bolting cloth - TBC, same as MG smaller wire dia.
• micron - 1/1000 of a mm
• D50 - size particle with 50% probability of separation
• % Open Area - amt of space in a two-dimensional measurement
not occupied by wire.
 Screen Life
• General Recommendations
– Screen tensioning - follow procedure
– Replace worn flat & crown rubbers - offer
support to screen backing
– Do not let solids build up on screens
– Do not run shaker dry
– Excessive G-force is detrimental to screens
– Always wash down screens and store properly
 API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA FOR SCREEN
MAKERS
% OPEN AREA, OPENING, WIRE DIAMETER
FOR COURSE MESH SCREENS
MARKET GRADE CLOTH , TENSILE BOLTING CLOTH

API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA

0.012 60.0%

49.6% 49.6%
47.3% 50.0%
46.4%
0.009

37.9% 40.0%

30.3%
0.006 30.0%

20.0%

0.003

10.0%

0 0.0%
80TBC 100MG 100TBC 120MG 145TBC 150MG
MESH & CLOTH TYPE

OPENING [in] WIRE DIA [in] % AREA

 API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA FOR SCREEN
MAKERS
% OPEN AREA, OPENING, WIRE DIAMETER
FOR FINER MESH SCREENS
API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA
MARKET GRADE AND TENSILE BOLTING CLOTHS

0.005 50.0%

47% 46%
46%
0.0045 45.0%

40.0%
0.004
36%
35% 35.0%
0.0035
31%
30.0%
0.003
inches

25.0%

0.0025
20.0%

0.002
15.0%

0.0015
10.0%

0.001 5.0%

0.0005 0.0%
165TBC 200TBC 180MG 230TBC 250MG 325MG

OPENING WIRE DIA % AREA

 API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA FOR SCREEN
MAKERS
CONDUCTANCE FOR COURSE MESH SCREENS

API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA

MARKET GRADE AND TENSILE BOLTING CLOTHS

2.5
CONDUCTANCE [Kd/mm]

1.5

0.5

0
MESH100 MESH120 MESH150/145 MESH200 MESH230/250

MG TBC
API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA FOR SCREEN
MAKERS
CONDUCTANCE FOR FINER MESH SCREENS

API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA

EXTRA FINE AND HIGH CONDUCTANCE CLOTHS

3.5

2.5
CONDUCTANCE [Kd/mm]

1.5

0.5

0
MESH 110/100 MESH 140/150 MESH175/180 MESH210/200 MESH250/265

DX HC
 API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA FOR SCREEN
MAKERS

D50  Cut vs. Conductance

MARKET GRADE AND TENSILE BOLTING CLOTHS
SEPARATION POTENTIAL VS. CONDUCTANCE

180

165
D50 - Separation Potentential

160
147
140 140

120 117
119
105 107
100
86
80
74 74
67
60 62

40
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Conductance [Kd/mm]
tensile bolting cloth market grade cloth
fxg
 Pinnacle Screens
Performance Data
Transmitance Values = cond * screen area

40

mesh84

35

mesh110
30
transmitance

mesh140
25

20
mesh175

mesh210

15

10
lcm2d / lm3 triton nnf derrick fluid systems
fxg
 API RECOMMENDED SCREEN DATA FOR SCREEN
MAKERS

D50  Cut vs. Conductance

SEPARATION POTENTIAL VS. CONDUCTANCE

FOUR WIRE GRADES

220
208
200
186
D50 - Separation Potentential

180
165
160
147
140 140 142

120 117 119 120

105 107 107
100
86 85
80
74 74
67 69
60 62 60
50
44 45
40
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Conductance [Kd/mm]
tensile bolting cloth market grade cloth
extra fine high conductance
fxg
Screen Backing
Square Panel
Screen Construction
Three Layer Screen