Welcome to the Internship presentation

On

Presented by
NAME USN
1. ANNAPOORNA 3GU15EC002
2.ASBHA KHANAM 3GU15EC004
3.KARIYAPPA 3GU15EC009
4.MANJUNATHA 3GU16EC408

Under the guidance of

.
Internship coordinator Head of the dept. Principle

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, RAICHUR - 584135
2018-19
 CONTENTS

 INTRODUCTION
 TELECOM NETWORK
 SWITCHING
 MOBILE COMMUNICATION
 GSM
 CDMA
 OPTICAL FIBER
 POWER PLANT
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION

The telephone is a telecommunication device that is

used to transmit and receive electronically or digitally
encoded speech between two or more people
conversing.

Telecommunication networks carry information signals

among entities, which are geographically far apart.

The telecommunication links and switching were

mainly designed for voice communication.
 TELECOM NETWORK

 This section includes brief introduction of how a call is processed

when we dial a call from basic telephone to another basic telephone
or from basic to mobile or vice versa.
CALL SETUP:
 MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME(MDF)
All the telephone channel are terminated at the MDF. It is a
cable rack where all the telephone channels are terminated.

FUCTIONS:

•It provides testing of calls.

•It checks whether fault is indoor or external.

•All lines terminate individually.

 HOW A TELECOM EXCHANGE WORKS

CARRIER ROOM
 Leased line connectivity is provided in carrier room.
This room has two parts:
 Conventional leased line system
 MLLN(Managed Leased Line Network)
 Switching
 A switch is defined as establishing a temporary connection from
calling subscriber to called subscriber.
 In DSS the signals are switched digitally.
 TDM and PCM techniques are used.
Block Diagram Of Digital Switch:
 C-DOT as RAX

This can be used as rural

automatic exchange i.e, expandable
upto 2000 line capacity.

Single frame terminal unit

capable of 128 ports.

It is modular in design.

Low power consumption.

 Mobile Communication
 It is a wireless form of communication in which voice
and data information is transmitted and received.
 If offers duplex communication.
Generation Gap:
Cellular Concept
 GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATION
(GSM)

MAIN FEATURES OF GSM:

 Support for voice and data services.
 Better frequency efficiency, smaller cells and more customers per
cell
 High audio quality and reliability for wireless, uninterrupted phone
calls at higher speeds (e.g. from cars, trains) i.e. high transmission
quality.
 Worldwide connectivity.
 Continued...

ADVANTAGES OF GSM
 Better quality of speech data transmission is supported.
 International roaming is possible.
 Large market.
 Less signal deterioration includes buildings.

DISADVANTAGES OF GSM
 Interferes with some electronics, especially certain audio amplifiers
 High complexity of the system.
 GSM has a fixed maximum call site range of 120Km, which is
imposed by technical limitations.
CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (CDMA)

 CDMA is a spread spectrum technology, allowing many users to

occupy the same time and frequency allocations in a given
band/space.

 Each user in a CDMA system uses a different code to modulate

their signal.

 The best performance will occur when there is good separation

between the signal of a desired user and the signals of other users.
 Continued...

FREQUENCY DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS:

TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS:

 OPTICAL FIBER

Optical Fiber is new medium, in which information (voice, Data or

Video) is transmitted through a glass or plastic fiber, in the form of
light.
 POWER PLANT

 The power plant of any telecommunication system is usually

referred as ‘Heart’ of the installation since the communication
system can function only as long as power supply is available.

SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY:

 BATTERTY

 Batteries are a collection of one or more cells whose chemical

reactions create a flow of electrons in a circuit.

 When the anode and cathode of a battery is connected to a circuit,

a chemical reaction takes place between the anode and the
electrolyte.

VRLA Battery
 CONCLUSION

 The training at BSNL was an interesting and an all together

learning experience.
 New technologies, new progress and new competition are the
order of the day.
 The training was aimed at providing the students with basic
knowledge about telecommunications and the working of telecom
exchanges.
 The various aspects regarding the working of
telecommunications, the various modules in the telecom
exchange and their importance in the exchange process was
explained.
 REFERENCES

 www.newbsnl.co.in
 www.wikipedia.org
 BSNL In-plant training material
 www.bsnl.co.in
THANK
YOU...