PROS CONS

Gives warmth It causes injury or even death

It is used for cooking It destroys important materials

It is used for many It burns down houses or forests

industrial processes
It is used as a light source
WHAT DO YOU THINK ARE
THE MATERIALS NEEDED
TO MAKE A FIRE?

THE FIRE NEEDS 3

ELEMENTS FOR IT TO BE
FORMED.
ACTIVITY
a process in which substances
combine chemically with
oxygen from the air and
typically give out bright light,
heat, and smoke.
 WHICH THE WHICH THE
FIRE BREATHES FIRE GETS
ENERGY

WHICH THE
FIRE EATS
 Role of
OXYGEN
As the fire is being enclosed in the jar, the oxygen is being used up.
• Number and position of windows and door
• Spaces between floors, walls, and roof
• Changes occur due to
windows breaking, wall
opening, people
intervening, and structure
collapse.
 Role of
HEAT
Once the candle is soaked in water, it will not be able to produce enough heat to sustain a fire.
• Type and thickness of the wall
 Role of
FUEL
Fire needs fuel to form. For the candle, the wick serves as the fuel. The wax is not capable of burning and is just there to
support the fire.
• Furniture
• Cooking equipment
• Timber walls
• Clothing and bedding
• Electrical appliances
 o
If the fire triangle is
incomplete, there
will be no fire.
 IDENTIFY THE FIRE TRIANGLE

• Bonfire being lit while camping

• Stove fire used for cooking rice
• Lamp (gasera) used for areas where
electricity is unavailable
• Lighter used for lighting cigarettes
• Grilling barbeques using charcoal
 IDENTIFY THE FIRE TRIANGLE

•Lightning striking a tree

•Newspapers being burned
•Fire crackers/fireworks used during
celebrations
•Electrical fires during summers
•Chemicals stored in closed
environments
(March 16, 1996)
- Death: 162people
- Injured: 90 people
- Cause of Fire: disc
jockey’s booth
(May 13, 2015)

- Death: 74 people (69 burned)

- Cause of Fire: ongoing welding
activity on one of the doors at
the entrance of the building
(August 18, 2001)
- Death: 75 people
- Injured: 57 people (3rd degree
burn)
- Cause of Fire: electrical fault
(overheating of airconditioning
system)
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2010 2011 2012 2013
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
450
425
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
500
400
300
200
100
0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
1500

1000

500

0
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
I. INCIPIENT/IGNITION
II. GROWTH
III.FULLY-DEVELOPED
IV.DECAY
First stage:
heat, oxygen, and fuel
source combine and have
a chemical reaction (fire
triangle is complete)
Easiest phase to eliminate a fire
Expansion of Fire:
-Fire influences the environment
and is influenced by the
environment
-High levels of carbon monoxide
-Breathing becomes difficult
-Highly dangerous flashovers may
occur anytime
Flashover:
– rapid transition from the growth
to fully developed stage;
materials in room ignite all at
once; tongues of flame roll across
ceiling; radiant heat affects
materials in room, raising them to
ignition temperature
Thermal Layering -the tendency of
gases to form into
layers according to
temperature (hottest
gases at the top
layer, cooler gases
form at the lower
layers)
All fuels have been ignited
and burning:
- Hottest phase of a fire
- Fire is now dependent on the amount of
oxygen
- Spread of flammable gases within the
area
- Oxygen supply < 16%
- Too much carbon monoxide is present
 Fire starts to diminish:
- Also known as smoldering
phase
-Usually the longest stage of a
fire
-Characterized by significant
decrease in oxygen and fuel
-Backdraft could potentially occur.
 Backdraft:
-phenomenon in which fire
that has consumed all
available oxygen suddenly
explodes when more
oxygen is made available,
usually because a door or
window is opened
 FLASHOVER
HEAT (ENERGY) RELEASE

BACKDRAFT
DECAY

FULLY-DEVELOPED

GROWTH

IGNITION

TIME
 NUMBER OF FIRE INCIDENTS NATIONWIDE BY MONTH
2010 to 2013
1,800

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

800

600

400

200

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
 2010 2011
December January December January
November 6% 9% 8% 8%
5% November
February
October 8%
9%
6% February
12% October
September
7%
5% March
August 10%
September
5%
7%
July March
5% 15%
August
June 7% April
6% 14%
July
May April 6%
June May
11% 15% 7% 9%
 2012 2013
December January December January
10% 9% 9% 6%
February
February November 8%
November
8% 8%
8%
March
October 9%
October March
8% 10% 8%

September September
8% April
7%
April 13%
10%
August August
8% 7%
May July May
July 8% 11%
June 6% June
7%
7% 7%
TOP 3 Cause of Fire Incident
2000

1500

1000

500

0
2010 2011 2012 2013
FIRE CLASSIFICATION

 CLASS A
 CLASS B
 CLASS C
 CLASS D
 CLASS K
K
 FIRE CLASSIFICATION

 CLASS A
-fuels that are ordinary
combustibles.
e.g. wood, paper, plastic, or
anything that leaves ash.
 FIRE CLASSIFICATION

 CLASS B
- fuels that are flammable
or combustible liquids.
e.g. petroleum oil, gasoline,
paint, and flammable gasses
such as propane and butane.
 FIRE CLASSIFICATION

 CLASS C
- fuels that are energized
electrical fires.
e.g. motors, transformers, and
appliances.
 FIRE CLASSIFICATION

 CLASS D
- fuels that are combustible
metals.
e.g. potassium, sodium,
aluminum, titanium, and
magnesium.
 FIRE CLASSIFICATION

 CLASS K
- fuels that are cooking oils/
grease. K
e.g. animal fat and
vegetable fats.
 FIRE CLASSIFICATION

Importance of knowing the Classification of

fire?
This classification is very useful in order to
determine what substances or chemicals are
effective in extinguishing the fire.
 Used for
Class A fire
only
CLASS A- For ordinary combustibles
The discharge stream could spread the flammable liquid
in a Class B fire or could create a shock hazard on a
Class C fire.
 Used for
Class A and
Class B fire
only
CLASS A- For ordinary combustibles
CLASS B- For flammable or combustible liquids

Foam is not as conductive as water, so it won’t

cause as much damage
 Used for
Class A, Class B, and
Class C
CLASS A- For ordinary combustibles
CLASS B- For flammable or combustible liquids
CLASS C- For fuels that are energized electrical
fires

It extinguishes the fire primarily by interrupting

the chemical reaction of the fire triangle creating a
barrier between the oxygen element and the fuel element
on Class A fires to avoid reigniting.
CON: may cause corrosion to electrical equipment
 Used for
Class B and
Class C fire
CLASS B- For flammable or combustible liquids
CLASS C- For fuels that are energized electrical
fires

extinguishes fire by taking away the oxygen element of the fire

triangle and also be removing the heat with a very cold
discharge.
for CLASS A, they may not be able to displace enough oxygen
to successfully put the fire out.
Leaves no residue and is not as damaging to electrical
equipment as powder
Class A materials may also smolder and re-ignite.
 Used for
Class A and
Class K fire
CLASS A- For ordinary combustibles
CLASS K- For cooking oils, grease
• m.gokorea.kr
• http://www.thunderboltkids.co.za/Grade5/03-energy-and-
change/images/gd-0015.png
• http://selwapress.com/s/2019/02/Wicking-Material-Candle-Holders-
Thick-Wicks-Uk.jpg
• https://images.summitmedia-
digital.com/esquiremagph/images/2018/03/27/FIRE-
BIGGEST_COVER_MAR2018.jpg
• http://www.psst.ph/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/building-on-fire-
740x555.jpg