DEFINITION OF AIR-CONDITIONING

 Process of altering the properties of air mainly of

two things which are temperature and humidity to
more favorable conditions
 Process of altering the properties of air mainly of
two things which are temperature and humidity to
more favorable conditions
TYPES OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM
 CENTRAL AC SYSTEM

Split-system Packaged Unit

An outdoor metal cabinet contains the The evaporator, condenser, and
condenser and compressor, and an indoor compressor are all located in one cabinet,
cabinet contains the evaporator which usually is placed on a roof or on the
ground
 PORTABLE AC SYSTEM
Consists of a mobile self-
contained air conditioning unit
that is placed on the floor
inside a room and discharges
exhaust heat using a hose vent
through an exterior wall

A bit noisier
ROOM AC SYSTEM
DUCTLESS AC SYSTEM

also known as a
mini split system

perfect where there is

no overhead attic or
crawl space
Consists of the following components
such as indoor air handling unit,
outdoor condensing unit and remote
controller
CASE STUDY
DEFINITION OF CENTRAL AC SYSTEM

 The central air – conditioning system is suitable for

a large building which is required a very high air
cooling such as cinema, hotel, hospital, supermarket
and etc. This system is commonly use in a new
building.
 DEFINITION OF CENTRAL AIR-
CONDITIONING SYSTEM

A method of structural
cooling in which a The main unit is located
centralized unit cools and outdoors or in isolated
dehumidifies air before area of a building
circulating it throughout
the building
 Method of cooling

To cool down the hot

and high pressure
refrigerant gas that It provides ease during the
travels from compressor condensation which occurs
to condenser. in the condenser where
refrigerant gas changes into
liquid form.
 Water Cooling Method
Water from
cooling tower
is used to
remove heat

Cooling tower
There is a ball float
functions to cool
inside the cooling
down the hot water
tower to ensure the
that flows from the
water is at specified
condensed water
level
return pipe (CWR)

The process of heat

extraction in cooling tower Italso supplies
is known as evaporation cooled water to
process whereby the water is condenser through
cooled by a fan and the heat condensed water
will evaporate into air to supply pipe.
cool the water
COMPONENTS
 COMPRESSOR
 A pump or other machine that increases the pressure of a gas.
 Three basics types of compressor:
i. Reciprocating
ii. Rotary screw
iii. Rotary centrifugal
 Types of compressor are specified by the number of compression
stage, a cooling method, lubrication and packaged or custom built
 AIR HANDLING UNIT ROOM
 Also known as AHU
 Shaped like box that content equipment with a
blower, condenser, compressor and expansion valve
 A function is to suck air from the rooms and let it
pass through air filters then discharging the cooled
air back to the rooms.
 Located at the top of building and the door of
room is always closed
 Removable panels are installed with reason a
personnel can enter for maintenance
 RETURN AIR INLETS
 This component is to regulate and extract air from a
room and recycle it
 Use of any ventilating, heating and air conditioning
 The air will force air process which blows through
the duct
 Located either in hallway or in the ceiling at AHU
Rooms
 COOL AIR DISPENSER
 A place that a cooled air passes over the air filter
and is through by the supply air ducts into the space
which to be air conditioned
 Located at the top of ceiling and it will come in
several types
 TYPE OF GAS THAT USED AS
REFRIGERANT
 Chlorodifluoromethane also known
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)
 Usually known as R22 gas
 Very high quality and competitive price
 Condenser
 Condenser is a component which acts as a heat
exchanger that is being used in air-conditioning
system.
 The purpose of condenser is to change the hot gas
that is released by the compressor to liquid form
 Types of condenser;
Air-cooled Water- Evaporative
condenser cooled condenser
condenser
Case study: Water-cooled condenser

 It uses water from the cooling tower to remove the heat

from the high temperature gas in the compressor.
 The capacity of water-cooled condenser depends on;
1. the temperature from the water
2. the amount of water circulated
3. temperature of the gas.
 The capacity increases with the temperature difference
between gas and water.
 There are two pipes of condenser which are Condensed
Water Return (CWR) and Condensed Water Supply
(CWS).
Cross-section of water-cooled
condenser

The condenser in Air Handling

Unit Room
Cooling method in condenser
It will flow back
through condensed Water that flows in
water return the condensed
(CWR) pipe and water supply
enter cooling tower (CWS) pipe will
for the process of enter condenser
cooling

Once the heat is The water is used

absorbed, the to absorb heat
cooled water will from the hot
turn into hot water compressed
as it has absorbed refrigerant gas
heat that flows from
compressor
Cooling tower at Dewan Seri Iskandar
 PROCESS
Cooling tower and AHU Cooling tower cooler and
Water tank supply water to
controller buttons are filter the water before it
cooling tower.
switched on. enters condenser.

The gaseous travel into In AHU, compressor

Refrigerant turns into condenser and cold water compress the refrigerant
highly pressured liquid and used to cool the hot used; R22 gas causes it to
enters TXV. gaseous. Condensation turn into hot and highly
process occur here. pressured gas.

TXV controls the flows of Refrigerant enters

the refrigerant which causes evaporator coil. Lower
it to reduce pressure. When pressure in evaporator
pressure reduced, causes refrigerant to
refrigerant expand and its evaporate. It absorbs heat
temperature drops and turns cold gaseous.
 COMMON PROBLEMS

Bad odour Faulty wiring

Leaky ducts Low

and low refrigerant
airflow
 MAINTENANCE
Refrigerant
gas

Clean the filter

at the air –
Cleaning conditioning
system

Belting Electric
control
 ADVANTAGES

Improves indoor air Level of indoor noise

quality is almost negligible

Maintains a constant
temperature and
humidity throughout
the conditioned space
 DISADVANTAGES

The size for The cost of

the AC unit installing the
system
THANK YOU 