SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT
DECEMBER 1992
The UN established the Commission
on Sustainable Development (CSD)
- To ensure an effective follow-up
of UNCED
-To monitor and report on the
implementation of the Earth Summit
agreements at the local, national,
regional, and international levels
JUNE 1997
- A Special Session of the General
Assembly adopted a comprehensive
programme for further
implementation of Agenda 21 as
well as the work programme of the
CSD for 1997-2002
DECEMBER 1997
- The Kyoto Protocol is adopted
and the conference of the Parties
(COPs) held over the years, have
made some advances relating to
clarification of various aspects
of financing and implementing
sustainable development globally.
 What Do We Mean by
Sustainable Development?
There are three (3) major views on this
subject.
ecologist view - maintaining resilience and
robustness of biological and physical
systems
economist view - maximizing income while
maintaining a constant or increasing stock
of capital.
socio-cultural – maintaining the stability of
social and cultural systems
 (World Commission on
Environment and Development)
On the other hand, Sustainable
development is defined as the
development that meets the needs
of the present without
compromising the need of future
generations to meet their own
needs.
IT HAS THREE (3) CHAPTERS:
1. To introduce methodological issues about
definitions and measurement of sustainable
development.
2. To define a set of macro-flags that can be
used to monitor sustainable development, and
analyze their dynamics during the past two
decades.
3. To better understand what are the factors
that explain why some countries tend to make
more intensive use of their natural resources
base.
SERAGELDIN,STEER(1994),
and TOMAN (1999)
States that sustainability is
about preserving and enhancing the
opportunities available to people in
countries around the world, and that
these opportunities depend on a
nation's accumulation of wealth.
WEALTH HAS 3 COMPONENTS:
1. The stock of produced capital
buildings, machines, roads, bridges,
transport equipment
2. The stock of natural capital
both natural resources and natural
services.
3. The stock of human/ human capital
skills, knowledge and capital used
 THE THREE CORE DRIVERS
OF UN-SUSTAINABILITY
Consumption
Use of resources beyond the reasonable
limits set by nature
Production
Gross inefficiencies in production.
Distribution
Inequitable distribution e.g.
distribution of global income between
rich and poor
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
GOALS
9 WAYS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABILITY
1. Leave everything in pristine state, or
return it to pristine state
2. Develop so as to not overwhelm carrying
capacity of the system
3. Sustainability will take care of itself as
economic growth proceeds
4. Polluter and victim can arrive at an
efficient solution by themselves
5. Let the market take care of it!
6. Internalize externalities
7. Reinvest rents for nonrenewable
resources
8. Let the national economic accounting
systems reflect defensive expenditures
9. Leave for future generations the
options or the capacity to be as well
off as we are
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
HAS 3 DIMENSION
1. Economic Dimension
2. Environmental Dimension
3. Social Dimension
ECONOMIC DIMENSION
- An economically sustainable
system must be able to produce
goods and services on a
continuing basis, to maintain
manageable size of government and
external debt and to avoid
sectoral imbalances (maintain
diversity)
 WEAK vs STRONG
SUSTAINABILITY
Weak sustainability; man made and
natural capital substitutable. Sum
must be non-declining
Strong sustainability; man made
and natural capital with limited
substitutability, each stock must
be non-declining separately
 ENVIRONMENTAL DIMENSION
1. development is subject to a set of
constraints which set resource harvest
rates at levels not higher than managed
natural regeneration rates
2. use of the environment as a waste sink
on the basis that waste disposal rates
should not exceed rates of managed or
natural assimilative capacity of the
ecosystem
 - A stable resource base, do
not overwhelm the waste
assimilative ability of the
environment nor the regenerative
services of the environment,
deplete non-renewables only to the
extent we invest in renewable
substitutes
SOCIAL DIMENSION
- Achieve
distributional
equity, adequate provision
of
social services including
health
and education, gender equity
and
 THREE APPROACH OF
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
1. Economic Approach to SD
2. Ecological Approach to SD
3. Social Approach to SD
ECONOMIC APPROACH TO SD
- “The core idea of
sustainability is that current
decisions should not impair the
prospects for maintaining or
improving future living
standards. This implies that our
economic system should be managed
so we can live off the dividends
ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO SD
IUCN (International Union for
Conservant of Nature)
-Sustainable Development is about
maintenance of essential ecological
processes and life support systems,
the preservation of genetic
diversity and the sustainable
utilization of species and
ecosystems
SOCIAL APPROACH TO SD
- Sustainable Development is
directly concerned with increasing
the standard of living of the poor,
which can be measured in terms of
increased food, real income,
education, health care, water
supply, sanitation and only
indirectly concerned with economic
growth at the aggregate.
THANK YOU!
GLOBAL MIGRATION