BIO-PSYCHO-SOCIAL MODEL

OF HEALTH AND DISEASE

DR. QASIM JAMAL CHACHAR
FCPS (Psychiatry)
 TRADITIONAL VS. HOLISTIC
MEDICINE
 HOLISM:
 It states that REALITY (including all living matter) is
made up of unified wholes that greater than, the
sum of their parts.
 Each sub- part is linked with the other in adynamic
way. That is each sub-part is affected by other sub-
parts.
TRADITIONAL VS. HOLISTIC
MEDICINE
 Therefore HOLISTIC MEDINE denies the separation
of MIND and BODY advocated by TRADITIONAL
MEDCIINE. Rather it considers MIND, BODY, and
SPIRIT as sub parts, which forms the PERSON; a
whole that is greater than the sum of its parts.
 TRADITIONAL VS. HOLISTIC
MEDICINE
 To do so a physician commited to holoistic medicine is
expected to understand the following elements of this
approch:
 PERSON: A human being has three essential and well
integrated elementts namely mind, body, and spirit held in
a dynamic balance.
 ENVIRONMENT: A set of external forces suc as family,
community, culture, socioeconomic resources, access to
health care, quality and type of health care providers as
well asattitudes and beliefs about health that support or
disrupt the dynamic balance of mind, body and spirit of a
person.
 TRADITIONAL VS. HOLISTIC
MEDICINE
HEALTH: A dynamic state of:
MIND-BODY-SPIRIT-BALANCE
that brings the best out of a person and
helps him/her realize his/her full potential.
PHYSICIAN: A person who supports health (as defined
above) rather than one who merely treats disease.
A practioner of Holistic medicine therefore believes that health
is a dynamic, interactive and integrative phenomena that can
result from an equally dynamic relationship between the
person, the environment’ and the physician.
 TRADITIONAL VS. HOLISTIC
MEDICINE
 The Holistic Medicine demands that a Physician must be a
person who has following characteristics:
 Belief in the potential of the HEALING ACT
 Capacity to LISTEN and EMPATHIZE
 Respect for the DIGNITY OF HUMAN BEINGS
 Tolerance for DIFFERENCE OF OPINION
 A gentle SPIRIT
 Ability to mix creative thinking and intution with scientific
thought
 Will to never give up hope even against heavy odds
TRADITIONAL VS. HOLISTIC
MEDICINE
 The knowledge of physical sciences alongside
anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry provide
adequate basis for the practice of tradional
allopathic medicine.
 The practice of holistic medicine however demands
the knowledge of behavioural sciences
Human Disease: Three Models

Medical Model
Bio-psycho-social Model
Epidemiological Model

Human Disease
Medical Model

 Emphasis on medical treatment

 You’re either healthy or you’re not.

 Missing important dimensions of health

 Psychology and Social aspect are separate
 Address disease but may not consider quality of life
(QOL)
Epidemiological Model

Host

Agent Environment
 Problems with disease models

Individuals

Picture Source: google images

 Problems

 Families

Picture source: Google images

 Problems

 Natural Disasters

Picture Source: Google images

 Problems

 Pollution

Picture Source: Google images

 Problems

 Poverty

Picture source: Google images

 Problems

Picture source: Google images

Biopsychosocial Model

 Health (and illness) are caused/influenced by many

factors.
 Mind and body are not separate
 Relationships are significant to health

 Health is on a continuum
Implications
 Consider biological, psychological, and social
factors
 Relationships are significant to health
 Patient and doctor
 Patient and family, friends, others

 Keep people healthy rather than wait to treat them

when they become ill.
THE END