SENTENCES

Aliffa Wahyuningtyas
Rhenake Yovica
Rizky Nur Biyanto
What is A Sentence?

A group of words that has a complete and

independent thought, has a subject and a predicate.
Also, it is always composed of at least one
independent clause.
In the form of writing, the sentence
begins with a capital letter and ends
with a dot (.), A question mark
(?), or an exclamation mark
(!); and in it can be included
punctuation such as comma (,), colon
(:), split (-), and spaces.
The Types of Sentence

Subject

Sentences Structure

Pronunciation

The Contents and Function

 Subject

Active Voice Passive Voice

• Active voice describes a • In passive voice sentences, the

sentence where the subject subject is acted upon by the verb.
performs the action stated by the
verb. • The Formula of Passive Sentences

• The Formula of Active Sentences Receiver of action + be + past participle

of verb + by + doer
subject + action/verb + receiver of
action • Example:

• Example: The car was being washed by the girl.

The girl was washing the car. The students are taught by the
professor.
Many tourists have visited that
castle.
To change a sentence from active to passive voice, do the following:
1. Move the active sentence's direct object into the sentence's subject slot

2. Place the active sentence's subject into a phrase beginning with

the preposition by

3. Add a form of the auxiliary verb be to the main verb and change the main
verb's form
 Sentences Structure

Simple Sentence

Compound Sentence

Complex Sentence

Compound Complex Sentences

 Simple Sentence

A simple sentence has just one

independent clause. It is consists of one or
more subjects and one or more verbs.

For example:
 You can't surprise a man with a dog. (1S, 1V)
 The actress cried and laughed at the same time. (1S, 2V)
 Pam and Tony were given awards by the school principal. (2S, 1V)
 Compound Sentence

A compound sentence has two or more independent

clauses and followed by a coordinating conjunction.
Two or more simple sentences, when put together,
can make up a compound sentence.

For example:
a. She dictated, and I typed.
[the coordinating conjunction and joins the two independent clauses]
b. The meal was expensive, but it was spoiled, so I threw it.
[the coordinating conjunction but and so join the three independent clauses.]
 Complex Sentence

It contains one independent clause (I)

and one or more dependent clauses (D)
followed by a subordinating conjunction.

Example
He went abroad because he wanted to earn money. (Complex)
He went abroad (Independet)
because he wanted to earn money. (Dependent)
after because that whenever
FANBOYS
although before though wherever • for
• or
as even though till while • and
• yet
as if if unless • nor
• so
as long as in order that until • but
as soon as since when
as though so that where

Subordinating Conjuction Coordinating

Conjuction
 Compound Complex Sentences

This contains two or more independent

clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

Example
[compound complex] We can talk about anything, and we
will go anywhere just as long as we are
together.
[independent] We can talk about anything
[independent] we will go anywhere
[dependent] just as long as we are together.
 Pronunciation

DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct or quoted speech is Reported or indirect speech is

spoken or written text that
reports speech or thought in
its original form phrased by
the original speaker.
usually used to talk about the
past, so we normally change
the tense of the words spoken.
We may use the word 'that' to
introduce the reported words.
 Direct Speech Indirect Speech

Father said “I am going out of Father said that he was going

town tomorrow” out of town the following day.

She said "I saw him." She said that she had seen him

John said “I will go to Bandung John said that he will go to

tomorrow” Bandung tomorrow
 The Contents
and Function

Declarative Sentence

Imperative Sentence

Interrogative Sentence

Exclamatory Sentence
Declarative Sentence

A declarative sentence states a fact and ends with

a period/full stop.

For example:
 He has every attribute of a dog except loyalty.
 I wonder if other dogs think poodles are members of a
weird religious cult.
Imperative Sentence

An imperative sentence is a command or a polite

request. It ends with an exclamation mark or a period /
full stop.

For example:
 When a dog runs at you, whistle for him.
 Add a glass of coconut milk into a pan and then boil it.
Interrogative Sentence

An interrogative sentence asks a question

and ends with a question mark.

For example:
 Who knew that dog saliva can mend a broken heart?
 She loves swimming, doesn’t she?
Exclamatory Sentence

An exclamatory sentence expresses

excitement or emotion. It ends with an exclamation
mark.

For example:
 In Washington, it's dog eat dog. In academia, it's exactly
the opposite!
 How lucky she is!
 It is a wonderful day!