 Who Found It?

 Newton’s Universal Law of GRAVITATION

 Acceleration due to Gravity (g)
 Importance of Universal Law of Gravitation
 Mass
 Weight
 Weightlessness
 Thrust
 Pressure
 Archimedes’s Principle
Who Found It?
 Law of Universal Gravitation
Every object attracts every other object with an attractive force
which is directly proportional to the product of their masses
and inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them .
The force is along the line joining the centres of two objects.

F = gravitational force (N)

m = mass of object (kg)
r or d= distance between objects (m)
Gm1m2
F
G = universal gravitation constant

2
d
 m
M d
From Newton’s 2nd law of motion
F = mg  (1)
g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)
F = GMm mg = GMm (from 1)
r2 r2
g = GM
r2
IMPORTANCE OF THE UNIVERSAL
LAW OF
THE GRAVITATION
UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION
GIVEN BY NEWTON HAS EXPLAINED
SUCCESSFULLY SEVERAL PHENOMENA:
The gravitational force of attraction of the Earth is
responsible for binding all terrestrial objects on the
Earth.
The gravitational force of attraction of the Earth is
responsible for holding the atmosphere around the
Earth.
The gravitational force of attraction of the Earth is
also responsible for the rainfall and snowfall on the
Earth.
The universal law of gravitation is responsible for the
 MASS

 The mass of an object is a fundamental property

of the object; a numerical measure of its inertia;
a fundamental measure of the amount of matter
in the object.
 Definitions of mass often seem circular because
it is such a fundamental quantity that it is hard to
define in terms of something else.
 All mechanical quantities can be defined in terms
of mass, length, and time.
 The usual symbol for mass is m and its SI unit is
the kilogram.
 WEIGHT

 The weight of an object is defined as the

force of gravity on the object and may be
calculated as the mass times the
acceleration of gravity, w = mg.
 Since the weight is a force, its SI unit is
the Newton.
 For an object in free fall, so that gravity is
the only force acting on it, then the
expression for weight follows from
Newton's second law.
 WEIGHTLESSNESS

 While the actual weight of a person is determined

by his mass and the acceleration of gravity,
one's "perceived weight" or "effective weight"
comes from the fact that he is supported by
floor, chair, etc.
 If all support is removed suddenly and the
person begins to fall freely, he feels suddenly
"weightless" - so weightlessness refers to a state
of being in free fall in which there is no perceived
support.
 Force perpendicular to the
surface of the object

900 Surface
/ / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / // / / / / / / /
THRUST
The force acting on a object perpendicular to the surface is
Called THRUST .
Thrust is a vector quantity having both a magnitude and a direction.
Thrust is the force which moves an aircraft through the air.
Thrust is used to overcome the drag of an airplane, and to overcome
the weight of a rocket.
The engine does work on the gas and accelerates the gas to the rear of
the engine; the thrust is generated in the opposite direction from the
accelerated gas.
The magnitude of the thrust depends on the amount of gas that is
accelerated and on the difference in velocity of the gas through the
engine.
 Pressure = thrust
area

Pressure is discover by BLAISE PASCAL .

The thrust on per unit area is called PRESSURE .
The SI unit of pressure is N/m2 or NNm-2
The term Pressure is also used in biological form
(Blood pressure)
It is also used in geographical form (wind pressure)
 ARCHIMEDES’s PRINCIPLE

Archimedes
 When a body is immersed
fully or partially in a fluid, it
experiences an upward force
that is equal to the weight of
the fluid displaced by it.
Thank you!
From
Alok kumar
Srivastava
Class : IXth ‘D’ Roll no. 24