PRESENTATION

HEAT EXCHANGERS
 THERMAL ACTIVITY HOT
AND IN THE
SHELL

COLD

FLUID MOTION
IN THE TUBES

CHANNEL TUBESHEET SHELL

EFFECTS OF CHANGE OF TEMPERATURES
SHELL CONTRACTS

TUBES EXPAND
 THERMAL FORCES ON TUBESHEET

Pt Ps

FORCES FROM PRESSURE

TUBESHEET BECOMES AN EQUIVALENT FLAT PLATE

FLAT PLATE
FORMULA

P
T =K.G Equivalent G
S
Pressure
TEMA FORMULA

F.G P
T =
3 S

CLAMPING FACTOR
EARLY CODE METHODS (TEMA)

1 Considered Tubesheet Bending

2 Considered Shell / Tube

Axial Stresses
Equivalent
ASME UHX GOES FURTHER Pressure

LET US SEE
WHAT ABOUT THIS REGION OF THE UNIT ?
HERE IS THE TUBESHEET / SHELL JOINT
ASSUME SHELL SIDE IS HOT SIDE

SHELL WANTS TO GROW (THERMAL)

BUT IS RESTRAINED HERE

HOT FLUID

SO WHAT HAPPENS ?
 THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS

LET US SEPARATE THE TWO PARTS

 THESE ARE THE BOUNDARY EFFECTS

WHAT HAPPENS AT SHELL END ?

Membrane Stress Bending Stress

SHELL
THESE ARE SECONDARY OR EXPANSION STRESSES
AS THEY ARE STRAIN CONTROLLED (THERMAL)

Membrane Stress Bending Stress

SHELL
THESE ARE SECONDARY OR EXPANSION STRESSES
AS THEY ARE STRAIN RELATED (THERMAL)

Membrane Stress Bending Stress

SHELL

THERE ARE STRESSES FROM THE PRESSURES

SHELL

THESE ARE PRIMARY OR MECHANICAL STRESSES

TO REDUCE SHELL BENDING STRESSES
UHX ALLOWS FOR A THICKER SHELL BAND

STRESSES REDUCED

SHELL BAND SHELL