HUMAN VARIATION

RATIONALE OF ANTHROPOLOGY, UCSP

SOCIOLOGY AND POLITICAL SCIENCE
HUMAN VARIATION
NATIONALITY AND ETHNICITY
Nationality – is the identity that is tied to being
part of a nation or country- a group of people
who share the same history, traditions and
language” and who inhabits a particular
territory delineated by a political border and
controlled by a government.
It can be acquired through:
1. Natural born citizen – being born in a country
2. Naturalization –process of legal applications
HUMAN VARIATION
ETHNICITY
Ethnic Groups- smaller cultural groups in the nation
that share specific environments, traditions, and
histories that are not necessarily subscribed to by
the mainstream culture.
There are 180 indigenous ethnic groups
100 tribal groups

Ethnolinguistic group
 SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS
Socioeconomic class varies between societies as the ideas associated with
being poor or rich differ based on the collective experiences of individuals.
Example:
Great Britain
From 3 class system (upper, middle & working classes) to 7 class system:
Elite, established middle class, technical middle class, new affluent workers,
traditional working class, emergent service workers and the precariat (Smith,
2013)
Philippines (personalized context)
Mahirap, medyo mayaman, sakto lang, mayaman & the like
 SOCIAL DIFFERENCES
RELIGION
The earliest forms of religion revolved around making sense of natural
occurrences such as extreme weather conditions, natural and man-made
calamities, sickness and even death. (Animism/Paganism)
The religion (today) evolved to promote far complex forms of
understanding human nature, the afterlife and natural events.
Monotheism- one God
Polytheism- many God
Nontheistic/Atheism- disbelief of God
Monism- no real distinction between God and Universe
Agnosticism- God cannot be known
 CULTURAL VARIATION
Ethnocentrism- is a perspective that
promotes as individual’s culture as the most
efficient and superior; hence, the individual
who exhibits ethnocentrism feels that his or
her culture is the most appropriate as
compared with other culture.
Xenocentrism – inferior culture

Cultural Relativism- promotes the

perspective that cultures must be understood
in the context of their locality.
 THE RATIONALE OF
ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY AND UCSP
POLITICAL SCIENCE
ANTHROPOLOGY (PROMOTES HOLISTIC STUDY OF HUMAN)
∞Derived from two Greek words: ANTROPOS & LOGOS
∞ANTROPOS- human ; LOGOS- study
∞Can be defined as the “study of people”- their origins, development and
contemporary variations, wherever and whenever they have been found on the
face of the earth. (Ember & Peregrine, 2010)
∞Five Sub disciplines:
∞Archaeology
∞Cultural Anthropology
∞Linguistic Anthropology
∞Physical Anthropology
∞Applied Anthropology
 SUB DISCIPLINES OF ANTHROPOLOGY
1. ARCHAELOGY- examines the remains of
ancient and historical human populations to
promote an understanding of how humans have
adapted to their environment and developed.
Fossils & artifacts
2. CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Promotes the study of a society’s
culture through their belief systems,
practices and possessions.
 3. LINGUISTIC ANTHROPOLOGY
Examines the language of a group of
people and its relation to their culture.
4. PHYSICAL/BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
Looks into the biological development of
humans and their contemporary variation.
5. APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY
Attempts to solve contemporary
problems through the application of
theories and approaches of the
discipline.
SOCIOLOGY
Study of society, including patterns of social
relationships, social interaction and culture.
(Calhoune, 2002)
The term sociology was coined by AUGUSTE
COMTE (Father of Sociology) in 1830, it refers to a
scientific inquiry covers human social activities.
In 1959, C. Wright Mills coined the phrase
“Sociological imagination” to refer to the ability of
sociologist to understand society systematically.
Sociology studies societies to promote social
change, create new theories and document human
behavior.
SUB DISCIPLINES OF SOCIOLOGY
1. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
2. SOCIAL CHANGE AND DISORGANIZATION
3. HUMAN ECOLOGY
4. DEMOGRAPHY / POPULATION
5. APPLIED SOCIOLOGY
 1. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

The study of the impact group life to a

person’s nature and personality.
2. SOCIAL CHANGE AND
DISORGANIZATION
Is a branch of sociology that inquires
on the shift in social and cultural
interactions and the interruption of its
process through delinquency, deviance
and conflicts.
3. HUMAN ECOLOGY
Pursues studies that relate human
behavior to existing social institutions.
4. DEMOGRAPHY / POPULATION
Inquires on the interrelationship
between population characteristics
and dynamics with that of political,
economic, and social system.
 5. APPLIED SOCIOLOGY
Uses sociological research
and methods to solve
contemporary problems. It
often uses an interdisciplinary
approach to better address
social problems.
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
Derived from two Greek words: Polis & Scire
 Polis – city state (Greece); Scire- “to know”
Political Science aims to know the activities within the
state. Such activities include the following: human
interaction and conflict, human and state relations, power
redistribution.
According to American Pol.Sci. Association, Political
Science is the study of governments, public policies and
political processes, systems, and political behavior.
Subdisciplines: Political theory & comparative politics
 SUBDISCIPLINES:
1. POLITICAL THEORY- examines the contemporary application
of political concepts such as human rights, equality, peace,
justice.
It seeks to address the variance of its implementation in societies with
the aim of understanding the nature of these concepts and elements
affect it.
2. COMPARATIVE POLITICS-is a branch of political science that
aims to provide context to the differences in government and
political systems. It examines the parallelism and divergence of
political systems to provide analyses on the factors that make
governments efficient and the factors that make them fail.
PETA :
GROUP ACTIVITY: PICTURE PARADE
Minimum of 15 pictures . Present the significance of studying
UCSP in promoting culture relativism.
Rubrics:
1. Creativity- 20
2. Presentation – 10
3. Content- 20 (message of the pictures, minimum of15
pictures)
Total- 50