Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
An Introduction
Chapter 6
Chemical Reactions
• Reactions involve chemical changes in
matter resulting in new substances
• Reactions involve rearrangement and
exchange of atoms to produce new
molecules
– Elements are not transmuted during a
reaction
Reactants Products
Evidence of Chemical
Reactions
• a chemical change occurs when new
substances are made
• visual clues (permanent)
– color change, precipitate formation, gas
bubbles, flames, heat release, cooling, light
• other clues
– new odor, permanent new state
Chemical Equations
• Shorthand way of describing a reaction
• Provides information about the reaction
– Formulas of reactants and products
– States of reactants and products
– Relative numbers of reactant and product
molecules that are required
– Can be used to determine weights of
reactants used and of products that can be
made
Conservation of Mass
• Matter cannot be created or destroyed
• In a chemical reaction, all the atoms
present at the beginning are still present at
the end
• Therefore the total mass cannot change
• Therefore the total mass of the reactants
will be the same as the total mass of the
products
Combustion of Methane
• methane gas burns to produce carbon
dioxide gas and liquid water
– whenever something burns it combines with O2(g)
CH4(g) + O2(g) CO2(g) + H2O(l)
O
H H O
C + O O C + H H
H H
O
1C+4H + 2O 1C+2O +2H+O
1C+2H+3O
Combustion of Methane
Balanced
• to show the reaction obeys the Law of
Conservation of Mass it must be balanced
CH4(g) + 2 O2(g) CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)
O O
O O H H
H H
C + + C + +
H H
O O O
O H H
1C + 4H + 4O 1C + 4H + 4O
Writing Equations
• Use proper formulas for each reactant and product
• proper equation should be balanced
– obey Law of Conservation of Mass
– all elements on reactants side also on product side
– equal numbers of atoms of each element on reactant
side as on product side
• balanced equation shows the relationship between
the relative numbers of molecules of reactants and
products
– can be used to determine mass relationships
Symbols Used in Equations