DEFINITION OF DEFINITION OF CATARACT GLAUCOMA • Opacity of the lens, which occurs when fluid • Classifed as agroup of diseases gathers between the lens • Damage the optic nerve When eye work properly : • Can cause permanent vision loss if left untreated • Light passes through the cornea and the • Glaucoma may be present in one or both eyes pupil lens • The lens focuses light and producing clear, sharp images on the retina • As a cataract develops the lens becomes clouded, which scatters the light and prevents a sharply defined image from reaching retina. As a result, vision become blurred CAUSES OF CATARACT • Old age (commonest) • Congenital • Ocular and systemic diseases - Dominant - uveitis - Sporadic - Previous ocular surgery - Part of a syndrome • Systemic medication - Abnormal galactose metabolism - Steroids • Inherited abnormality - Phenothiazines - Rubella • Trauma and intraocular foreign - High myopia bodies • Ionizing radiation - X ray - UV CAUSES OF GLAUCOMA • Slow fluid drainage • Pressure builds up and damages the optic nerve • Optic nerve damage can occur at different pressure level for different people SYMTOMS GLAUCOMA • At first, there are none • As glaucoma progresses, side vision fails • Field of vision narrows as glaucoma worsens • Early detection and treatment can reduce the risk of vision loss GLAUCOMA DETECTED
Glaucomaa detected through a comprehensive dilated eye
exam GLAUCOMA TREATED • Medication • Surgery - Laser trabeculoplasty Help open up the drainage angle to allow more fluid to pass out of the eye - Conventional surgery Makes a new opening for the fluid to leave the eye WHAT SHOULD YOU REMEMBER ? • Glaucoma has no warning sign • Glaucoma can cause permanent vision loss • Early detection and treatment can protect your vision • Get a dilated eye exam CATARACT Age related cataract Divided to : It is the most commonly occurred • Acquired cataract Classifed accorfing to : Presenile cataract o Morphological classification Traumatic cataract - Nuclear Drug induced cataract - Cortical Secondary cataract - Subcapsular • Congenital Cataract - Christmas tree- uncommon Systemic association o Maturity Classification Non systemic association - Immature cataract - Mature cataract - Hypermature cataract MORPHOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION Nuclear cataract Cortical Cataract Subcapsular Unfortunately, this so - Occur on the outer edge cataract called two sight disappers of the lens (cortex) - Occur just under the as the lens gradually capsule of the lens - Begins as whitish,wedge- turms ,more densely - Starts as a small, shaped opacities or yellow and further cluds opaque area streaks vision - It usually forms near the back of the lens, ri ght in the path of light on its way the retina SIGN AND TREATMENT CATARACT Sign Treatment • Reduced acuity • Glasses : cataract alters the • Dimred reflex refractive power of the natural • Contrast sensitivity lens so glasses may allow good • White pupil vision to be maintened • Slit lamp examination shows the • Surgical removal : when visual type of cataract acuity can’t be improved with glasses THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CATARACT AND GLAUCOMA Glaucoma secondary because a Symtoms cataract intumesen , It is a closed Red eye and pain, very high TIO, angle glaucoma incurred due to an corneal edema, cataract lens of enlarged lens because of immature immature cataract MEDICAL CHECK UP AND DIAGNOSIS • Anamnesis Red eye and pain Treatment • Visus decline • Medication : with a bright flashlight will appear : (Scaled TIO with medicine) - Perilimbal hiperemi Glycerol 1 ml/kgBB , Manitol 20%, - Conjungtiva hiperemi acetazolamide 500 mg (2 tablet), Timolol 0,25 % - Edema cornea • Surgical Removel : • Still lamp biomicroscope - If visus have been very interrupt • Tonometer : TIO > 21 mmHg due a cataract (The extraction of a cataract intrakapsuler) - If not disturb to visus operation is performed