Class of materials for discussion

Polymers
Oxides
Nitrides
Metals
Sulfides
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Initiation
• Propagation
• Termination
2. Ionic polymerization
3. Coordination polymerization

II. STEP POLYMERIZATION

4. Polycondensation polymerization
5. Polyaddition polymerization
6. Ring-opening polymerization
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Initiation
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Initiation
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Initiation
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Propagation
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Propagation
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Termination
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

1. Free radical polymerization

• Termination
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

Ionic polymerization
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

Ionic polymerization
Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

Coordination (or insertion) polymerization

Different types of polymerization

I. CHAIN POLYMERIZATION

Coordination (or insertion) polymerization

Different types of polymerization

II. STEP POLYMERIZATION

1. Polycondensation polymerization
Different types of polymerization

II. STEP POLYMERIZATION

1. Polycondensation
Different types of polymerization

II. STEP POLYMERIZATION

1. Polycondensation
Different types of polymerization

II. STEP POLYMERIZATION

Polyaddition polymerization
Different types of polymerization

II. STEP POLYMERIZATION

Ring-opening polymerization
Molecular Weight
Molecular Weight

Number average molecular weight

Molecular Weight

Weight average molecular weight

Molecular Weight
 Isotactic

Syndiotactic

Atactic
Glass Transition Temperature
 Commonly used polymers

Natural Rubber (polyisoprene), Tg = -73 deg C Polyvinyl chloride, Tg = 81deg C

Polypropylene , Tg = -13deg C

cis-Polybutadiene, Tg = -102 deg C PET, Tg = 69 deg C

Polyethylene , Tg = -125deg C

Neoprene (polychloroprene), Tg = -36 deg C

Polystyrene , Tg = 100deg C
Mechanical Properties of Polymers
 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Polyurethane

EVA

SBS

Chemical structure of the material shall affect the mechanical strength of the polymers
 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Ultimate tensile strength of PVC

Higher the molecular weight – better the mechanical properties

 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Molecular weight increases from A(47900) to I (366800)

Material, thermoplastic polyurethane
Higher the molecular weight – better the mechanical properties
 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Tg may be somewhere around T2 and T3

 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Stress Strain for LDPE

 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Side chain branching in main chain

 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Poly(alpha-methylstyrene)

PMMA
PVC

Isotactic PP

Atactic PP

polydimethylsiloxane

x is the number of backbone chain atoms/bonds

x is proportional to molecular weight

Region 3 – Oligomers (small number of monomers forming polymers)

Mechanical Properties of Polymers
 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Effect of composition and block size of styrene on tensile properties of SBS

SBS
Effect of Crosslinking Mechanical Properties of Polymers

Stress-strain curve of NR
Stress-strain curves of sulfur crosslinker NR
Mechanical Properties of Polymers
 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

HAF –Carbon black

 Mechanical Properties of Polymers

SRF – carbon black

Mechanical Properties of Polymers