THE PRACTICE OF ANESTHESIOLOGY:

INTRODUCTION
Fikri Mourly Wahyudi, Amd.An.
ASAL KATA DAN BAHASA
 ASAL KATA DAN BAHASA

Greek Philosopher
“the narcotic-like effects of the plant mandragora”
(Dioscorides)

at

describe
1st Century Term of anesthesia

Taken from : Wikipedia

 ASAL KATA DAN BAHASA

Redefined in Bailey’s An
Encyclopedia Brittanica also
Universal Etymological English "privation
"a defectof
ofthe
sensation"
senses”
stated
Dictionary

at

1721
1771
 ASAL KATA DAN BAHASA

Penggunaan yang ada pada

" the sleeplike state that makes painless surgery possible”
waktu sekarang

oleh

Oliver Wendell
Holmes (1846)
 ANESTESI : SCIENCE OR ART ?

“Tidak semua pasien dapat menggunakan teknik dan obat

Meski dasarnya merupakan ilmu anestesi yang sama, sehingga tergantung kelihaian,
pengetahuan kemampuan, dan “bakat seni” masing-masing
pelaksananya”

Dianggap
pula

SENI !
 Anestesi terus berkembang
Membutuhkan kerjasama dengan
spesialisasi lain.

KARENA ANESTESI ITU UNIK

Bedah (dan subspesialisasinya), penyakit dalam, pediatrik, obstetrik,

farmakologi klinik, fisiologi, bahkan teknologi biomedik

 WHAT WE DO, THAT THEY DONT.

Definition of the Practice of Anesthesiology, Which Is the Practice of Medicine

Assessment of, consultation for, and preparation of, patients for anesthesia.

Relief and prevention of pain during and following surgical, obstetric, therapeutic, and diagnostic procedures.

Monitoring and maintenance of normal physiology during the perioperative period.

From the American Board of Anesthesiology Booklet
of Information, January 2003.
Management of critically ill patients.

Diagnosis and treatment of acute, chronic, and cancer-related pain.

Clinical management and teaching of cardiac and pulmonary resuscitation.

Evaluation of respiratory function and application of respiratory therapy.

Conduct of clinical, translational, and basic science research.

Supervision, teaching, and evaluation of the performance of both medical and paramedical personnel involved in perioperative care.

Administrative involvement in health care facilities, organizations, and medical schools necessary to implement these responsibilities.

From the American Board of Anesthesiology Booklet of Information, January 2003.

SEJARAH ANESTESI
Tindakan Anestesi
Anestesi Regional
sudah dilakukan Kompresi batang
Perkembangan saraf
pesat untuk
sejak mencapai iskemia
pertengahan abad 19saraf
dan dan
baru
Zaman Kuno
sejak zaman penggunaan
mulai dilakukan cryoanalgesia
secara sering kurang dari 6 dekade
prasejarah

Mempraktikan anestesi lokal dimana sang dokter mengunyah

daun coca dan “menyemburkannya” pada luka operasi. Suku Inka
Diperkirakan mengandung kokain

Kombinasi opium poppy (morphine) + hyoscyamus

Mesir Kuno
(hyoscyamine and scopolamine)
Prosedur operasi
Penanganan fraktur, luka trauma, amputasi, dan ekstraksi batu
yang biasa
kandung kemih
dilakukan

Beberapa
Evolusi pembedahan ini tidak diikuti dengan pemahaman Peradaban telah
proses penyakit, anatomi dan aseptik pembedahan, serta mampu melakukan
teknik anestesi yang aman bedah tengkorak

Teknik anestesi pertama yang dikembangkan adalah anestesi

inhalasi, diikuti anestesi lokal dan regional, baru setelahnya
anestesi intravena
Jarum Suntik hipodermik
Anestesi inhalasi pertama
baru ditemukan pada Ether (diethyl ether)
digunakan
1855

1846, dilakukan anestesi Digunakan untuk

umum dengan menganestesi manusia
menggunakan ether pada 1842

Crawford W. Long and

William T.G. Morton “Sulfuric ether”
William E. Clark

Reaksi kimia sederhana

antara alkohol ethyl
Belum dilakukan publikasi dan sulfuric acid
digunakan pertama
kali pada 1842
Chloroform was independently prepared by von Leibig, Guthrie, and Soubeiran in 1831.

Chloroform was introduced into clinical practice by the Scottish obstetrician Sir James Simpson, who
administered it to his patients to relieve the pain of labor.

Joseph Priestley produced nitrous oxide in 1772,

Gardner Colton and Horace Wells are credited with having first used nitrous oxide as an anesthetic in
humans in 1844.

Nitrous oxide's lack of potency (an 80% nitrous oxide concentration results in analgesia but not surgical
anesthesia) led to clinical demonstrations that were less convincing than those with ether.