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FESTIVALS AND
HOLIDAYS
日本のまつり
一月
JANUARY
元日
(GANJITSU
, NEW YEAR’S DAY)
January 1
Marks the beginning of the New Year
season ( 正月 shōgatsu). Usually, offices
and shops are closed from December 29 to
January 3.
Traditionally, people prepare osetchi
ryouri ( お節料理 ), dishes that are only
eaten during the New Year holidays.
OSETCHI RYOURI
成人の日
(SEIJIN NO HI, ADULT’S DAY)
2nd Monday in January
Coming of age ceremony for people who
have turned 20 years old during the
year.
Until 2000, it was held on January 15,
but with the introduction of the “Happy
Monday System” it was changed to the
2nd Monday of January.
ニ月
FEBRUARY
節分
(SETSUBUN, “BEANTHROWING
CEREMONY”)
February 3
Literally the the “seasonal divide”,
spring setsubun is also called risshun ( 立春 ) and
part of the Spring Festival ( 春祭 haru matsuri).
Japanese perform a ritual called mamemaki ( 豆
まき , “beanthrowing”), conducted at people’s
homes or in temples and shrines in order to
expel evil spirits and disease by throwing beans
outside their house and exclaiming: 鬼は外 ! 福
は内 ! (Oni wa soto! Fuku wa uchi!), which
translates as “Demons out, luck in!”
建国記念の日
(KENKOKU KINEN NO HI,
FOUNDATION DAY)
February 11
Established in 1966, it is
meant to commemorate the
national foundation of Japan
and to foster patriotism in
Japanese
バレンタインデー
(VALENTINE’S DAY)
February 14
Introduced in Japan in 1936 and popularized in the
1950s, it is the day when Japanese women offer
chocolate to men.
Girichoko ( 義理チョコ ) is given by female
employees to their male counterparts (giri 義理
meaning “obligation”), while tomochoko ( 友チョコ )
and honmeichoko ( 本命チョコ ) is reserved for
friends, respectively boyfriends and husbands.
Men have to reciprocate twice or thrice ( 三倍返
し , sanbai gaeshi, literally, “triple the return”)
what they have received one moth later, on White
Day
三月
MARCH
ひな祭り
(HINA MATSURI, DOLL FESTIVAL)
March 3
Dedicated to young girls, hinaningyō ( 雛人
形 ), wooden platforms with up to seven tiers
covered in red carpets are decorated with dolls
representing the emperor and the empress in
Heian court attire, ladiesinwaiting,
musicians, ministers, samurai and other
figures.
Celebrated until girls turn 20 years of age
Dolls are displayed from the end of February
until the evening of March 3
ホワイトデー
(WHITE DAY)
March 14
Introduced in 1978, White Day is
celebrated in Japan and South
Korea.
As only women give presents on
Valentine’s Day, men should
return the favour one month
later.
春分の日
(SHUNBUN NO HI, VERNAL
EQUINOX DAY)
March 20
Established in 1948 and
dedicated to the
“admiration of nature” and
the “love of living things”
彼岸 (HIGAN)
March 21 and September 21
Buddhist holiday, on which
memorial services for those passed
away are held at temples during the
seven days preceding the vernal and
autumnal equinox. People visit their
family graves during this period.
四月
APRIL
ゴールデンウイーク
(GOLDEN WEEK)
April 29 to May 5
Along with New Year and Obon, the
Golden Week (usually abbreviated GW)
is one of the major holiday and
vacation periods in Japan
It includes four public holidays within
a week (Shōwa Day 昭和の日 ,
Constitution Day 憲法の日 , Greenery
Day みどりの日 and Children’s Day
子どもの日 ).
昭和の日
(SHŌWA DAY)
April 29
During Shōwa period (until
1989) April 29 was a public
holiday, marking the Shōwa
Tenno‘s birthday.
五月
MAY
憲法記念日
(KENPŌ KINENBI,
CONSTITUTION MEMORIAL
DAY)
May 3
Established in 1948, it
commemorates the Japanese
constitution of 1947.
みどりの日
(MIDORI NO HI, GREENERY
DAY)
May 4
Introduced in 1989, it was held
on April 29 until the year 2007,
when it was moved to May 4, in
order to celebrate the blessings
and the beauty of nature.
こどもの日
(KODOMO NO HI, CHILDREN’S
DAY)
May 5
Originally celebrated as Boys’ Day, just as
March 3 is Girls’ Day, it has nowadays
become Children’s Day
Marks the last the of the Golden Week.
Families with boys fly koi (carp) streamers
( 鯉のぼり koinobori) and adorn their homes
with miniature samurai utensils, such as
helmets (kabuto), armour ( よろい yoroi),
swords ( 刀 katana), and bow and arrow ( ゆ
みや yumiya).
七月
JULY
七夕祭り
(TANABATA MATSURI, STAR
FESTIVAL)
July 7
Children write poems or wishes
on streamers of paper and attach
them on special tanabata trees.
In some areas of
Japan, Tanabata is celebrated on
August 7.
海の日
(UMI NO HI, MARINE
DAY)
3rd Monday of July
First established in 1995, it
commemorates the blessings
of the oceans and its
importance for Japan as a
maritime nation.
八月
AUGUST
お盆
(OBON, LANTERN FESTIVAL)
August 1316
Buddhist festival to pay tribute to the
ancestral spirits
In most parts of Japan, obon is held in the
month of August ( 八月お盆 hachigatsu
bon), while in the Kantō region (Tokyo,
Yokohama) as well as in some parts of
Tohoku it is held in July ( 七月お
盆 shichigatsu obon).
The obon holidays are one of the busiest
vacation periods of the year.
九月
SEPTEMBE
R
敬老の日
(KEIRŌ NO HI RESPECT
FORTHEAGED DAY)
3rd Monday of September
Established in 1966 as a day to
pay tribute to the elderly and hope
for longevity
Originally celebrated on
September 15, it was changed to
the 3rd Monday of September in
2003.
秋分の日
(SHŪBUN NO HI,
AUTUMNAL EQUINOX
DAY)
September 23
Established in 1948, it is
a day to pay respect to
those that have passed
away.
十月
OCTOBER
体育の日
TAIIKU NO HI, HEALTH
AND SPORTS DAY
2nd Monday of October
Originally held on October 10 in order
to commemorate the beginning of the
Tokyo Olympics in 1964, it was
changed to the 2nd Monday in
October in the year 2000 in order to
enjoy sports and observe a healthy
lifestyle.
ハローウイーン
(HALLOWEEN)
October 31
Another virulent cultural import
from Western countries, Halloween
is becoming more and more popular
in Japan. It is usually celebrated in
kindergartens and nightclubs, but
children do not ask for treats.
十一月
NOVEMBER
文化の日
(BUNKA NO HI,
CULTURE DAY)
November 3
Prior to 1948, November 3 commemorated
the birthday of the Meiji Emperor ( 明治
節 Meijisetsu), since 1948 that holiday
has been renamed to Culture Day to
celebrate the new Japanese
constitution as well as peace and
freedom.
七五三祭り
(SHICHIGOSAN, 753
FESTIVAL)
November 15
Traditional rite of passage for boys
aged 3 and 5 and girls aged 3 and 7 to
be blessed at the local Shinto shrine
to extend thanks for their good health
and pray for their future blessings.
Children are dressed up in colourful
kimonos.
勤労感謝の日
(KINRŌ KANSHA NO HI,
LABOUR THANKSGIVING
DAY
November 23
Established in 1948, it
celebrates labour and
production, and is meant to
thank one another.
十二月
DECEMBER
天皇誕生日
(TENNŌ TANJŌBI, THE
EMPEROR’S BIRTHDAY)
December 23
The birthday of the reigning
emperor has been a national
holiday since 1868. Emperor
Akihito’s birthday is celebrated
on December 23.
クリスマス
(CHRISTMAS)
December 24/25
Christmas is a popular celebration in
Japan. Christmas decorations can be
found in supermarkets and department
as early as in October. It is common for
(young) couples to go out and to
exchange gifts, but Christmas is not a
family affair as in Western countries.
Quiet family gatherings are reserved
for the New Year.