What is the derivative of the following:

3
1.f(x)= 𝑥
2
y’=3𝑥
2. f(x)= 3𝑥 + 4
y’= 3
Anti-differentiaton
- inverse process of
determining a funtion
whose derivative is
given or known
Bernhard Riemann
න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑥 + 𝑐
න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝐹 𝑥 + 𝑐

Where:
න = symbol for integral or anti − differentiation

f(x) = Integrand
F(x) = Particular Integral
c = Arbitrary constant
F(x) + c =Indefinite Integral
There are 4 General
Properties in Anti-
Differentiation
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬ ‪C.‬‬
 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫׬‬ 𝑛
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑛+1

Where n ≠ 0
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬
𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

Where n ≠ 0
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

1. න 5𝑑𝑥
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

= 5x + c
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

1. න 5𝑑𝑥

= 5x + c
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

2. න 7𝑑𝑥
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

= 7x + c
𝑨. න 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑐

2. න 7𝑑𝑥

= 7x + c
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

1. ‫ ׬‬5𝑑𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬7𝑑𝑥
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 5x + 7x + c
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 12x + c
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Summary:

1. ‫ ׬‬5𝑑𝑥 + ‫ ׬‬7𝑑𝑥

= 5x + 7x + c
= 12x + c
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

2. ‫ ׬‬20𝑑𝑥 − ‫ ׬‬15𝑑𝑥
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 20x - 15x + c
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= 5x + c
𝑩. න 𝑓 𝑥 + 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = න 𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + න 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Summary:

2. ‫ ׬‬20𝑑𝑥 − ‫ ׬‬15𝑑𝑥

= 20x - 15x + c
= 5x + c
‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬ ‪C.‬‬
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬

1. න 3𝑑𝑥
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬

= 3 න 𝑑𝑥
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬

= 3x + c
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬
Summary:

1. න 3𝑑𝑥

= 3 න 𝑑𝑥

= 3x + c
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬

2. න 20𝑑𝑥
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬

= 20 න 𝑑𝑥
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬

= 20x + c
C. ‫𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓 ׬ 𝑎 = 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 𝑓𝑎 ׬‬
Summary:
2. න 20𝑑𝑥

= 20 න 𝑑𝑥

= 20x + c
 𝑥 𝑛+1
𝑛
D. ‫׬‬ 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +c
𝑛+1

Where n ≠ 0
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

2
1. ‫ ׬‬3𝑥 dx
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

2
= 3 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬dx
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

𝑥 2+1
= 3‫׬‬ +c
2+1
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

𝑥 3
= 3‫׬‬ +c
3
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

3𝑥 3
= +c
3
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

3
=𝑥 +c
 𝑥 𝑛+1

Summary:
𝑛
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

2
1. ‫ ׬‬3𝑥 dx
2 3𝑥 3
= 3 ‫ 𝑥 ׬‬dx = +c
3
𝑥 2+1
= 3‫׬‬ +c = 𝑥 3 +c
2+1

𝑥3
= 3‫׬‬ +c
3
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

2. ‫ ׬‬4𝑥dx
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

= 4 ‫𝑥׬‬dx
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

𝑥 1+1
= 4‫׬‬ +c
1+1
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

𝑥 2
= 4‫׬‬ +c
2
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

4𝑥 2
= +c
2
 𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+1
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

2
= 2𝑥 + c
 𝑥 𝑛+1

Summary:
𝑛
D. ‫= 𝑥𝑑 𝑥 ׬‬ +c
𝑛+1

2. ‫ ׬‬4𝑥dx
4𝑥 2
= 4 ‫𝑥׬‬dx = +c
2
𝑥 1+1 2
= 4‫׬‬ +c = 2𝑥 + c
1+1

𝑥2
= 4‫׬‬ +c
2
1.‫( ׬‬3X+5)dx
 2 nd Property

=‫ ׬‬3XdX+‫ ׬‬5dX +C
 3 rd Property

=3‫ ׬‬xdx+5‫ ׬‬dx +C

 4 th Property

𝑥 1+1
=3‫׬‬ + 5𝑥 + 𝑐
1+1
 Final Answer

𝑥 2
=3‫׬‬ + 5𝑥 + 𝑐
2
 1.‫( ׬‬3X+5)dx
2nd=‫ ׬‬3XdX+‫ ׬‬5dX +C

3rd =3‫ ׬‬xdx+5‫ ׬‬dx +C

𝑥 1+1
4th =3‫׬‬ + 5𝑥 + 𝑐
1+1

𝑥2
Final =3‫׬‬ + 5𝑥 + 𝑐
2