Behavior Based Safety (BBS)

and
Accidents Prevention in industries

PRESENTED BY

KODANDA PANI VUDUGUNDLA

BE, PGDTPPE, MBA(HR), MBA(Fin), BOE,
MIE, C.Eng(I)

Dy.EE/AP Genco
1
WHAT IS IT ?
SAFETY
WHY ?
 Because
Somebody is waiting for you at Home
Do you want to go back home
Like this ? Or Like this ?

Choice is yours

Emergency
Your Safety is a

MATTER OF CHOICE
NOT CHANCE
 UNSAFE CONDITIONS
MECHANICAL FACTORS
 UNSAFE MECHANICAL DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
 INPROPER MACHINE GUARDING
 DEFECTIVE DEVICES
 AGING EQUIPMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
 TOO LOW AND HIGH TEMPERATURES TO CAUSE SHIVERING AND
SWEATING
 TOO HIGH HUMIDITY TO CAUSE FATIGUE AND DROWSINESS
 DEFECTIVE ILLUMINATION
 POOR HOUSE KEEPING
 INADEQUATE REST AND BREAKES BETWEEN WORKING HOURS
 INADEQUATE WARNING SYSTEM
 CONGESTION WORKPLACE
 PERSONAL FACTORS

 Age & Fatigue.

 Defective hearing & eyesight
 Operating without clearance
 Muscular weakness.
 Lack of required skill & knowledge
 Horseplay
 Intoxication (alcohol, drugs)
 Mental worries
 Emotional in stability such as jealousy
 Improper attitude towards work
 Failure to wear PPE
THE VICTIM

DEATH
PAIN AND SUFFERING
PERMANENT DISABILITY
EFFECTS ON FAMILY AND
DEPENDANTS
LOSS OF EARNINGS
EXTRA EXPENDITURE
INABILITY TO RESUME
OCCUPATION
 Four States of Mind that Cause Accidents

Rushing
Feel constant pressure to complete tasks as
quickly as possible . It’s important to
remind employees that working safety is
the first priority, even if it means
finishing the job later.

Frustration
is a mindset that almost everybody
experiences at some point in life. Employees
can get frustrated at poor procedures, bad
communication, wrong or insufficient
materials and problems at home
Fatigue
Means too tired physically and mentally
this leads greatly reduces production and
performance. To avoid fatigue, employees
should not overwork or work overly long
hours. Corporations have to set realistic
deadlines and attainable goals for employees

Complacency
Complacency can be the most dangerous
mindset that results in an injury or
accident.

These mindsets can cause or contribute to critical

errors which increase the probability of injury
 Four Critical Errors
✓ EYES NOT ON TASK

✓ MIND NOT ON TASK

✓ WALKING INTO THE LINE-OF-FIRE

✓ LOOSING BALANCE/TRACTION/GRIP

. . . Which increase the risk of injury

Eyes Not On Task
Not looking at where you are going
or what is coming at you. It
includes not moving your eyes
before moving your body or not
being able to see where you are
stepping, where your hands are
reaching into, etc.
Mind Not On Task
Not concentrating on the
job, being unaware of
dangers or deficiencies,
forgetting things.
Walking into Line-Of-Fire
Being conscious of
where you are or where
you are going in relation
to the direction of the
hazardous energy.
Balance/Traction/Grip

Doing something that

could cause you to lose
your balance, traction or
grip.

It could include not

wearing good
footwear/gloves,not seeing
or thinking about the
hazard.
 Traditional Safety Management
Safety Management System Features
Emergency Response

PPE Policies

Procedures Purpose: To reduce/eliminate injuries Incident Investigation

in the workplace.

Safety Meetings Limited effectiveness, why? Industrial Hygiene

Training Hazard Recognition

Fire Protection Safety Rules Safety Incentives

Safety Surveys Audits/Inspections
SHE Standards Engineering
Job Safety Analysis Safety Permits
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TRADITIONAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT

LIMITED EFFECTIVENESS WHY?

TYPICALLAY A TOP –DOWN APPROCH

FOCUS ON REGULATIONS AND PROCEDURES
DO AS I SAY …… JUST DO IT
NOT UP DATING NEW TRENDS
MOTIVATIONAL DEFECTS
Please think . . .

How many of the above elements can be

directly traced to injury elimination just at
the moment the injury is about to occur ?

Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

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Injury Statistics . . . . . In INDIA

•124 people die at workplace everyday

•46575 people are injured
•32% contribution to global fatality at work
•37% of global burden of occupational injury

Question: Are injuries totally eliminated?

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To Conclude . . .

•Good Safety Management systems exist

•Still workplace is injury prone & not safe
•Injury although declined, still persists

WHAT IS MISSING?

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Why Safety Programs Do Not Work:

• Safety is enforced & its not a habit or

value!

• Safety is not managed in the same manner

as production, quality, and cost issues!

• Safety is not driven through continuous

improvement!

• Lack of top management commitment!

Scientifically proven that . . .

In 1951, Dr. Heinrich claimed that more than 90% of injuries were
caused by UNSAFE BEHAVIOURAL ACTS

DuPont proved by research that:

Injury Causes Percent

Injuries due to Unsafe Acts / Behavior 76
Injuries due to combination of Unsafe Behavior &
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Conditions
Injuries due Unsafe Conditions 4

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DOE, US Govt. found out that . . .

Percent by Cause (1999-2001)

100

80

60

40

20

0
Eq Pr o Per De Tra Ma O th
u ipm ce d son sig inin nag ers
ent ure nel n g em
Er r ent
or

Personnel errors (Unsafe Acts) was present in 77% of Accidents

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 Most accidents are caused by unsafe
behavior acts

• Even you work hard to create a safe workplace and eliminate

unsafe conditions for your workers, Rate of accidents are not
minimised.

• If you examined your accident records for the past few years,
you'd likely find that the root-cause of most of the accidents was
unsafe acts rather than unsafe conditions.

• They'd taken shortcuts.

• They'd taken risks. They'd developed an "It won't happen to me"

attitude.
 TYPICAL UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR
AT WORK PLACE

TAKING SHORTCUTS

BEING OVERCONFIDENT

UNDERTAKING A TASK WITHOUT COMPLETE INSTRUCTIONS

I’ve Never Been
IMPROPER ATTITUDES
Hurt Before
IGNORING OR OVERRIDING SAFETY PROCEDURES

MENTAL DISTRACTIONS

FAILURE TO PLAN

Improper Attitude
 WHY
UNSAFE BEHAVIOUR

COMFORT
JOB DIS SATISFACTION
SAVING TIME
CONVINIENCE
RECOGNITION
CELEBRATING PRODUCTION OVER SAFETY
UNSAFE WORKING PRACTICES
UNSAFE WORKING PRACTICES
UNSAFE WORKING PRACTICES
UNSAFE WORKING PRACTICES
UNSAFE WORKING PRACTICES
How to change unsafe behavior to
safe behavior

By adding
BEHAVOIUR based SAFETY SYSTEM TO THE
TRDITIONAL SAFETY MODEL

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What do we do now?

Safety Activities
Traditional Model + BBS Program

Fewer Unsafe Acts

Fewer Accidents

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 DEFINITIONS

Behavior
-An observable action
-Externally focused
Attitude
-Deep-seeded feelings or emotions
-Internally focused
 Human behavior is both:

it is observable
it is measureable

therefore

Behavior can be managed !

 ATTITUDES

are inside a person’s head -therefore

they are not observable or measurable

however

Attitudes can be changed by

changing behaviors
 BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY (BBS)

WHAT EXACTLY IS BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY (BBS)?

is a process that helps employees

identify and choose a safe
behaviour over an unsafe one
BBS vs. Zero Injury

Zero Injury is the GOAL

BBS is the path to reach the GOAL

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What is BBS Program?

Make people behave safely, work safely

Minimize / eliminate workplace injuries

This is Zero Injury Culture too . . .

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 Why Behavioral -Based Safety
Management isRight
• Behaviors can be measured and therefore
managed
• Changing behavior leads to changing attitudes
• Avoids personality conflicts
• Embraces employee involvement
• Provides valuable feedback
Repeated behaviour
correction attempted
with
s personalized,
caring approach will
lead eventually to
permanent behaviour
change as well as to
attitude change.
BBS METHODOLOGY
STAGES OF BEHAVIOUR BASED SAFETY
PLANNING STAGE
1)PLANNING GROUP IS INTRODUCED

RESPONSIBLE FOR ACTUAL PREPARATION OF BBS PROCESS AND

DRAFTING OF FORMS AND TRAINING MATERIALS

2)PLANNING GROUP CONSISTS OF PEOPLE FROM EVERY

DEPARTMENT,A SAFETY EXPERT AND REPRESENTATIVE FROM
MANAGEMENT

3)GOALS AND RESPONSIBILITIES ARE DETERMINED

STAGES OF BEHAVIOUR BASED SAFETY
IMPLEMENTATION STAGE
1)STEERING COMMITTIE IS INTRODUCED
(SAME AS ORIGINAL PLANNING GROUP )
2)SAFETY TEAMS FROM EACH DEPARTMENT

3)EMPLOYEES PARTICIPTE AS OBSERVERS

4) GOALS FOR IMPROVEMENTS ARE IDENTIFIED
5) ACTION PLANS ARE PREPARED FOR EACH DEPARTMENT
Basic Behaviour principles
Safety in the work place is a
combination of
PERSON
ENVIRONMENT and their
BEHAVIOUR
when these three elements are
combined at work place accidents be
eliminated

BEHAVIOUR
what the person does on the job
Steps of an Observation
Step 1
Observe work as it is taking place. Quite often you will be
involved in the work yourself.
• Observe people’s activity, their
actions and surrounding
environment.

• Be careful not to interrupt a

worker at an inappropriate
time.

• Look for unsafe acts as well as

good safety performance.

• Look for detail and an overall

impression.

• Keep an open mind.

Steps of an Observation
Step 2
If you see an act or condition that is unsafe or you think may
be unsafe, stop the job and discuss the situation with the
individual(s) involved.

Stop unsafe acts

immediately,unless stopping
the worker will create a
greater hazard.

If the action is not

immediately dangerous to
life and health, use your
judgment to decide if it is
better to wait for a few
moments.
Steps of an Observation
Step 3
Ask the person or persons involved in the job to explain what they
are trying to accomplish and what the procedures are.

Ask:

• Can you tell me about the

job?

• What are the hazards and

risks?

• Do you have a written

procedure?

• Why do you think I stopped

you?
Steps of an Observation
Step 4
Ask, what are some ways they
could complete the job safer.
(change in procedures, different tools, PPE)

• Allow the worker to explain

how he believes the job can
be done more safely.

• Provide praise when a job is

being done correctly.
Steps of an Observation
Finally, share your behavior observation card
with the entire crew so that everyone can
benefit and work safer. The results are
obvious:
This Or This
Reinforcement to change behavior

Positive Reinforcement (R+)

("Do this & you'll be rewarded")

Negative Reinforcement (R-)

("Do this or else you'll be penalized")

Punishment (P)
("If you do this, you'll be penalized")

Extinction (E)
("Ignore it and it'll go away")
Steps in BBS
 BENEFITS OF BEHAVIOR BASED SAFETY

 Reduction in workplace injuries

Reduction in medical related costs, including
rehabilitative costs
Fewer work related injuries
Fewer company and governmental accident
investigations
Increased productivity due to reduced injury
related to absenteeism and illness
FINALLY
BBS is not a quick fix.

It is a commitment.

Empower the employee to ensure accidents don’t happen

A good BBS should allow the employees to coach each other

regardless of position in the company.

Effective only good support from management and employee

cooperation
YOUR SAFETY IS YOUR FAMILY’S SAFETY
 Safety is really about our
ATTITUDE!

Make 100% Safe Behavior your

choice, both on and off the job
every day!
Thank You
……..