NANOPARTICLES IN WASTE

WATER TREATMENT
 INTRODUCTION
• We know,

Over 75% of earth surface is covered with water

97.5% salt water 2.5% fresh water

2.5% fresh water

70% in Ice caps, soil Less than 1% is accessible
moisture and ground water for direct human uses
Why Waste Water Treatment?

• Increasing population
• Depleting water resources
• Climate change regarding prolonged floods and
droughts
• To promote health concern and public hygiene,
Quality of life
• To preserve Aquatic life
Why research is still going on?

• Day to day change in water composition

• Requirement of
 stable methods
 economical methods
 effective methods
• Search for reliable methods
 INTRODUCTION
• The main aim of a waste water treatment is to
remove as much as suspended solids as possible
before the effluent is discharged back to the
environment.
• Primary treatment removes about 60 percent of
suspended solids from wastewater. This treatment
also involves aerating (stirring up) the wastewater, to
put oxygen back in.
• Secondary treatment removes more than 90 percent
of suspended solids.
• In order to achieve environmental detoxification,
various techniques like
 adsorption
 precipitation
 ion exchange
 reverse osmosis
 electrochemical treatments
 membrane filtration
 Evaporation
 flotation
 oxidation are extensively used.
• Among these, adsorption is a conventional but
efficient technique to remove toxic metal ions and
bacterial pathogens from water is with the help of
nanoparticles( Nanotechnology)

What is Nanotechnology??
The creation of functional materials, devices, and
systems through control of matter on the nanometer
length scale(1-100nm) and exploitation of novel
phenomenon and properties(physical, chemical,
biological) at the length scale.
 Role of Nanoparticles in waste water
treatment
• In the area of water purification, nanotechnology
offers the possibility of an efficient removal of
pollutants and germs.
• Today nanoparticles, nanomembrane and
nanopowder used for detection and removal of
chemical and biological substances include metals,
nutrients, cyanide, organics, algae, viruses, bacteria,
parasites and antibiotics.
• Nano-structured materials such as
 Magnetic nanoparticle,
 Carbon nanotubes,
 Silver-impregnated cyclodextrin Nano-composites,
 Nano structured iron zeolite,
 Carbon-iron nanoparticles,
 Photo catalytictitania nanoparticles,
 Nanofiltration membranes and
 Functionalized silica nanoparticles
can be employed in water treatment to remove heavy
metals, sediments, chemical effluents, charged
particles, bacteria and other pathogens.
 Literature review
1. Application of Nanoparticles in Waste Water
Treatment(Dhermendra K. Tiwari,2008)
Review:
• The present paper studies four classes of
nanoparticles(carbon nanotubes, zeolites, dendrimers,
nanofibers) which shows good result than other techniques
used in waste water treatment because of the high surface
area of nanoparticles.
• It also found that the coliform bacteria treated with
ultrasound radiation has antibacterial effect
2.Engineered Nanoparticles in waste water and waste water
sludge( Satinder k. Bar)
Review:
This paper mainly focus on understanding the impact
nanoparticles in waste water sludge