Broadband

Multiplay

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 Objectives
Introduction to Broadband
Types of Connections
Broadband Applications
Broadband Techniques
Broadband Services
DSL Services & ADSL Details
Types of DSL Techniques
Benefits of ADSL
DMT Modulation Technique
DSLAM
Architectural overview of NIB-II
Summary
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 What is BROADBAND?

The capacity to transmit large quantities

of electronic signals (including data,
video, text & voice) rapidly

256 Kbps & above is ‘Broadband’

in India (as per TRAI)

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DEFINITION OF BROADBAND
“An ‘always-on’ data connection that is able to
support interactive services including Internet
access and has the capability of the minimum
download speed of 256 kilo bits per second
(kbps) to an individual subscriber from the
Point Of Presence (POP) of the service provider
intending to provide Broadband service where
multiple such individual Broadband
connections are aggregated and the subscriber
is able to access these interactive services
including the Internet through this POP. ”

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 Types of connectivities
Generally, Broadband describes high speed, high
capacity data communication making use of
 DSL,
 Cable Modem,
 Ethernet,
 Fixed Wireless Access,
 Optical Fiber,
 W-LAN,
 V-SAT

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 Broadband Applications
1. Personal Services
 High Speed Internet Access( > 256 kbps)
 Multimedia
2. Govts. Public services
 E-governance
 E-education
 Tele-medicine
3. Commercial services
 E-commerce
 Corporate Internet
 Videoconferencing

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 Broadband Applications
4. Video& Entertainment services
 Broadcast TV
 Video on Demand
 Interactive gaming
 Music on Demand
 Online Radio

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 Broadband Technologies
Existing infrastructure
 DSL over Copper loop
 Cable Modem over Cable TV network
 Power Line Broadband Access
New Infrastructure
 Fiber To The Home (FTTH)
 Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC)
Wireless Infrastructure
 Fixed Wireless Access (FWA)
 Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) (802.11)
 V-SAT
 IMT-2000 (3G Mobile)
 High speed WLL
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 Broadband Services

Internet through broadband connection

 It is a Internet service in which the Internet will be
always ON with a much higher bandwidth (up to
512 kbps). There is no need of dial up, hence no
telephone bill for Internet use. It provides the scope
for unlimited use of Internet for a fixed amount of
tariff.
Audio on Demand
It is a similar service where person can listen to any
music of his choice

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 Broadband Services
Bandwidth on Demand:
This will facilitate customer to change bandwidth
as per his / her requirement. For example a
customer with 256 kbps can change to 1 Mbps
during the video Conferencing session.
Video on Demand
service through broadband connection: Through
this service, customers can view any movie of
their choice from a pool of movies stored in a
central server. The movies can be viewed either
on a TV or a PC.
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 Broadband Services
TV channels through broadband
connection
 The TV channels may be available in the
broadband connection. In fact, there may be other
new channels, particularly the educational and
scientific channels, depending on demand
Multicasting:
 This is to provide video multicast services for
application in distance education, telemedicine etc

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 Broadband Services

Dial VPN Service:

This service allows remote users to access their
private network securely over the NIB-II
infrastructure.
Video and Audio Conferencing:
Content based Services:
Like Video on Demand, Interactive Gaming, Live
and time shifted TV

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 Cable Modem

A Cable modem is a
device at the subscriber
end of a cable that allows
a computer to be
connected to the Internet
through an existing Cable
network connection.
Unlike a dial-up
connection, it does not
require a phone line

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 Cable Modem
A cable modem works in a similar manner to a
standard modem in that it takes a signal from the
computer and converts it for transmission over
the cable network.
Two major differences between a cable modem
and other modem/ISDN devices.
 The first is that a cable modem attaches to your computer
through an Ethernet Network Interface Card ('NIC').
 The second and more significant difference is that the
bandwidth available to cable modems is far in excess of
that of a dial-up modem or ISDN.

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 Cable Modem

How does a Cable Modem's speed

compare with other connection
methods?
 The real-world speed of Cable Modem access
is probably more than 60 times that of a 33.6 k
modem, probably more than 30 times that of a one
of the new X2/56k modems and probably more
than 15 times that of a two channel 128k ISDN
connection

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 Cable Modem

How does a Cable Modem actually

work?
 Your Cable Company supplies you with a
connection to your home which in turn is
connected to a splitter box.
 One spur from the splitter box is connected to
your TV, through a TV Adapter, the other being
connected to your Cable Modem, which in turn is
connected to your computer through an Ethernet
connection.

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 Cable Modem

How does the Cable Modem physically

attach to my computer?
 The most common method for Cable Modems to be
attached to your computer is by using an Ethernet
connection utilizing 10baseT cables. (10baseT is
also referred to as Twisted Pair or UTP.)
 This uses a cable that is similar to a telephone cable
with a small plastic connector at either end. One end
connects to the Cable Modem, the other connects to
your computer's Ethernet card.

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 Cable Modem
Cable Modem
 Fast – 512kbps up to
1024kbps currently for
domestic use
 Easy to use
 Always on
 Low latency
 Engineer installed
 Competitively priced if
cable already installed

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 What is DSL?

• Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) is the

next generation modem-like
technology that allows for the
transmission of voice, video and data
over existing copper telephone lines at
incredible megabit speeds.
• The copper telephone lines are often
referred to as the local loop or the last
mile from the Exchanges to the end-
user's home or business.
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 Types of DSL

DSL comes in several different

varieties, which are known
collectively as xDSL.
 ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)
 SDSL (Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line)
 HDSL (High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)
 IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line)
 VDSL (Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)

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 ITU-T Standard for DSL
G.991.1: HDSL Transmission System on Metallic Local Line

G.992.1: ADSL Transceivers (G.dmt)

G.992.2: Splitter-less ADSL Transceivers (G.lite)

G.992.3: ADSL2

G.992.5: ADSL2+

G.994.1: Handshake Procedures for DSL Transceivers (G.hs)

G.995.1: Overview of DSL Recommendations

G.996.1: Test Procedures for DSL Transceivers

G.997.1: Physical Layer Management for DSL Transceivers

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 ADSL Types
• ANSI T1.413 Issue 2 compliant
• ITU-T G.992.1 (G.dmt)
– Up to 8Mbps Downstream
– Up to 640 Kbps Upstream
• ITU-T G.992.2 (G.lite)
– Up to 1.5Mbps Downstream
– Up to 512Kbps Upstream
• ITU-T G.994.1 (G.hs)
– Defines a start-up procedure that allows support of different
DSL version
– Hand Shaking to select G.dmt or G.lite Automatically

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 Speed of ADSL

 Full-Rate ADSL (e.g. G.dmt) has the

potential to deliver data at speeds up to 8 Mbps
(Megabits per second).
 G.lite ADSL can deliver up to 1.5 Megabits
per second during downloads. This is 25 times
faster than a 56K modem.
 Service providers will also offer slower
rates (from 256 Kbps and up) at lower
costs.

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 What is ADSL ?
 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line often
referred to as ADSL Full Rate or G.dmt and now also
known as G.992.1 -- supports up to 8 Mbps
bandwidth downstream and up to 1 Mbps upstream.
 The asymmetrical aspect of ADSL technology
makes it ideal for Internet/Intranet surfing, video-on-
demand and remote local area network (LAN) access.
 Users of these applications typically download
more information than they send.

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 Benefits of ADSL
Always on
Simultaneous Usage of Phone and Internet.
Could connect to the Internet at up to 140
times faster than analog modems. (8Mbps vs.
56Kbps Modem)
Home has its own dedicated connection.
Connection is highly secure, compared to
shared-media Cable Modem.
No telephone call charges

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 DSL Considerations
DSL brings high-speed Internet access over
existing twisted-pair copper telephone wires
via the existing PSTN infrastructure
Provides a dedicated always-on Internet
connection
DSL utilizes Multiplexing
 Voice requires 4kHz
 Twisted Pair can carry 36kHz
 Multiplexing is a way to carry more than one
transmission on wire

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 xDSL Service Categories
DSL comes in different flavors based on speed,
bandwidth, service, distance from phone company’s
central switching office (CSO), etc.
Downstream refers to the available data speed rate
from the Internet / Exchange to the customer
Upstream refers to the available data rate speed from
the customer up to the Internet / Exchange
ADSL (Asymmetric DSL), is the most popular form of
DSL
ADSL provides downstream speeds of 144 Kbps to 2.2
Mbps and upstream speeds from 90 to 640 Kbps
depending on distance from Exchange

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 xDSL Service Categories –
defined..
SDSL (Symmetric DSL), transfers data upstream
and downstream at symmetric rates up to 2.3
Mbps

HDSL (High Bit-rate DSL), is primarily used as a

substitute for T1/E1 lines providing 1.54 Mbps of
data symmetrically over two phone lines

VDSL (Very High Speed DSL), an evolving form of

DSL that can deliver data from 13 to 52 Mbps
downstream and 1.5 to 2.3 Mbps upstream

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Comparison of xDSL Systems
Bandwidth
System Copper loops usage
Upstream Downstream

ADSL 16-640 KBPS 2-9 MBPS 1 Internet

HDSL 2-9 MBPS 2-9 MBPS 2/3 high speed data

1 high speed short haul

SDSL 2-9 MBPS 2-9 MBPS
data.

1 asymmetric high speed

VDSL 2-9 MBPS 13-53 MBPS
data

128 KBPS – 1 600 KBPS – 7 1 depends on line

RADSL
MBPS MBPS condition

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 Need for DSLAM

To enable DSL technology, service

providers must have a DSLAM located
in their networks to interact with the
customer premises equipment (CPE) at
the end user location.

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 DSLAM

A Digital Subscriber Access Multiplexer

delivers exceptionally high speed data
transmission over existing copper telephone lines
A DSLAM separates the voice frequency
signal from High Speed data traffic
Routes and Controls Digital Subscriber
Line (xDSL) traffic between the subscriber’s
end-user equipment (Router, Modem, or Network
Interface Card (NIC) and the Network Service
Provider’s network.

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 Frequency Spectrum of ADSL

 The ADSL transmit signal consist of a large

number ( up to 256) of sub-carrier located at
spacing of 4.3125 KHz.
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Frequency Spectrum of ADSL
The channel 0 is for POTS , Channel 1-5 are not
used to avoid interference between voice and
data.
POTS Channel - Separated by a POTS splitter
Upstream/Downstream channels separated by
either FDM using LPF/HPF or a combination of
FDM and echo cancellation . Echo cancellation
improves the BW through put in the
downstream direction

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Frequency Spectrum of ADSL

Upstream Downstream
POTS

4 kHz 30 kHz 138 kHz

1104 kHz

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Frequency Spectrum of ADSL
Uses FDM system
Bandwidth divided three parts
0 < f < 4 kHz POTS (Channel 0)
Channel 1 -5 not used to avoid interference
30 < f < 138 kHz Upstream ( Channel 6 -32 )
138 < f < 1104 kHz Downstream

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Broadband Launch by BSNL

Internet

LE PSTN

DSLAM

Tel CPE PC

Direct Internet access with maximum speed of 6 Mbps

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 Typical Connectivity from
DSLAM

ADSL eqpt.

DSLAM

Splitter

Telephone

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 DMT modulation

Bandwidth from 0 to 2.2 MHz is divided

into 512 sub carriers with each
occupying 4 KHz.
Lower 1 to 6 sub- carriers are reserved
to pass the 4kHz analog voice.
There are 32 upstream channels and
218 downstream channels.

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 Connection Topology

1. ADSL eqpt. 2. LJU 3. Splitter 4. Telephone

5. Computer 6. Eth Cable. 7. Telephone Line.
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 DMT modulation

Voice Upstream Downstream

No of Bits

16 64

6 37 38 255
15

0 4 25 138 139 1104

69 kHz Frequency (KHz) 276 kHz
Upstream Downstream
Pilot Tone Pilot Tone

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 DMT modulation
256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of
4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz.
Each sub carrier can support maximum
15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noise
Ratio for that sub carrier a decision is taken
How many bits that particular sub carrier can
Support. Each carrier can carry 0-15
bits/sec/Hz
Carriers 1-6 for voice and guardband

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 Circuit Diagram of A POTS
Splitter
highpass
DSL LINE
filter

 Splitter
 Separates the 300 Hz to 3500 Hz voice
channel from upstream and downstream
channels lowpass
 Reduces traffic congestion filter
 Pass voice, dial tone, ringing and on/off hook
signals
 Consists of a low pass filter (LPF) for POTS
and a high pass filter (HPF) for
TELE
upstream/downstream channels
 Passive device
 Contains lighting protection circuitry
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 Network diagram of NIB-II
Core
router
Broadband GigE
RAS BB

Tier1 GigE ADSL

Aggregation terminals
e
ibr
SW
k f ..DSLAM..
dar
n GigE
ne to
he r
Et Tier 2 LAN Switch

FE FE FE
X-ge C E X-ge E
GE G X-ge D GE
..DSLAM.. X-ge B ..DSLAM.. ..DSLAM..

ADSL ADSL ADSL ADSL ADSL

terminals terminals terminals terminals terminals

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Bandwidth Requirement Contd..
B.W. Requirement upto 480P DSLAM:
 Broadband traffic: 480 x 100 kbps = 50 Mbps
 VoD Traffic (with 40% concurrency and 50%
customer) = 200 Mbps
 IPTV for 150 Channels = 600 Mbps
Total bandwidth required = 850 Mbps
Thus 1+1 GE is sufficient for upto 480P DSLAM
For 960P: 2+2 GE is taken

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 Network Convergence

Benefits of Fast Convergence:

• No Intermittent Session termination
• Makes Network Stable as there is minimum
re-transmission.
• Better end user Experience

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Network Convergence Contd..
Stability Benefit:
The primary benefit is clearly network stability:
AAA typically have limited transaction rates i.e. few
hundred or few thousand per minute
•Dropping large numbers of sessions results in many
simultaneous authentication attempts, more dropped sessions
longer it takes
•30,000 dropped PPPoE sessions could take 5-10 minutes..or
longer
Also results in reduction of Peak Load, peak load often is
caused by congestion or high packet loss
•Application level robustness results in many retransmissions

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 Quality of Service

Each Service has its unique requirement for

ensuring quality experience to end
customer:
Voice, Video: Low Latency Queuing, Expedited
Forwarding

Data (like Authentication): Assured Forwarding

Best Effort Traffic: Left to the Network

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Enhancement done in Multi Play

DSLAM continue to work in star topology.

Why?
Uplink bandwidth of DSLAM is minm 1+1
GE
For second layer of aggregation, RPR is used.
Admission Control: Network based on DSL
Forum TR-059
New applications like automated subscriber
installation and on going support.

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Network Architecture in A Cities
MPLS
Mega POP MPLS
Nation wide
Core Layer

Edge Server STM-16

Regional Server

RPR
10 G Aggregation
10 G RPR Layer
RPR

GE
PE Router

Broadband Network’ Tier 2 Sw

Gateway (BNG)
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