FORMATS 1, 1a, 1b

Single UE is allocated more than a single PUCCH resource. UEs are allocated a standard PUCCH resource and a Scheduling
Request (SR) PUCCH resource. The standard PUCCH resource is used when signaling HARQ acknowledgements without a SR,
whereas the SR PUCCH resource is used when signaling a SR either with or without HARQ acknowledgements.
TDD UE can be allocated 4 PUCCH resources when using format 1b to send 4 HARQ ACKs with channel selection.
In this case, the selection of the PUCCH resource provides the eNodeB with 2 additional bits of Information.
Transferring 4 HARQ acknowledgements would normally require 4 bits of information but in this case only 2 bits are
available. The additional 2 bits of information are signaled by selecting 1 of 4 PUCCH resources.

PUCCH format 1 is used to signal a positive Scheduling Request, i.e. UE sends format 1 when it would like the eNodeB to
allocate some UL resources for the PUSCH.
PUCCH format 1a is used to signal 1 HARQ acknowledgement for downlink data on the PDSCH. In the case of FDD, it can also
be used to combine 1 HARQ acknowledgement with a positive Scheduling Request. The HARQ acknowledgement is
transferred using the single bit of information, while the Scheduling Request is signaled by transmitting the PUCCH on the
Scheduling Request PUCCH resource rather than on the standard PUCCH resource.
PUCCH format 1b is used to signal 2 HARQ acknowledgements for downlink data on the PDSCH. It can also be used to
combine 2 HARQ acknowledgements with a Scheduling Request. Similar to format 1a, the Scheduling Request is signaled by
transmitting the PUCCH on the Scheduling Request PUCCH resource rather than on the standard PUCCH resource.
PUCCH format 1 doesn’t have an associated modulation scheme. Information is transferred by presence/absence of PUCCH.
PUCCH formats 1a and 1b use BPSK and QPSK respectively. In both cases, a single modulation symbol is generated.
The PUCCH demodulation Reference Signal for formats 1, 1a and 1b occupies 3 out of the 7 symbols per time slot when
using the normal cyclic prefix. When using the extended cyclic prefix, the demodulation Reference Signal occupies 2
out of 6 symbols per time slot. In both cases, there are 4 symbols available for PUCCH transmission.
This corresponds to 4 x 12 = 48 Resource Elements per time slot.
When transmitting the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), the final symbol in the subframe becomes unavailable for the
PUCCH. This decreases the number of available Resource Elements within the second time slot to 3 x 12 = 36. In this case, a
length 3 orthogonal code is applied to the sequences belonging to the second time slot. Similar to the length 4 orthogonal
sequences, there are 3 possibilities available so it does not impact the number of UE which can be multiplexed into the
same pair of Resource Blocks.
The Processing to generate PUCCH formats 1, 1a & 1b
1. d(0) is set equal to that modulation symbol and is used as an input when generating the sequence to occupy the PUCCH
Resource Elements.
2. d(0) is multiplied by a cell specific base sequence of length 12. This generates a new sequence of length 12. The cell
specific base sequence is a function of the Physical layer Cell Identity (PCI). If group hopping is enabled, the base
sequence changes between time slots. Otherwise, the same base sequence is used for all time slots. Group hopping
helps to randomize inter-cell interference.
3. The new sequence of length 12 then has a series of time domain cyclic shifts applied. These cyclic shifts are a function
of both the time slot and the SC-FDMA symbol. Changing the cyclic shift between time slots and SC-FDMA symbols
helps to randomize inter-cell interference.
4. Time slot specific scrambling is applied after the cyclic shifts by multiplying each sequence of length 12 by s(n), where
s(n) is given by either a 0° phase shift which does not change any of the sequences in the time slot, or a 90° phase shift
which rotates each entry within each sequence in the time slot by 90°. Time slot specific scrambling helps to reduce the
impact of inter-code interference.
5. After scrambling, a pair of time domain orthogonal codes are applied. The first orthogonal code is applied to the
sequences belonging to the first time slot, and the second orthogonal code is applied to the sequences belonging to the
second time slot. Each orthogonal code has a length of 4, i.e. a single entry for each SC-FDMA symbol within the time
slot.
6. After multiplication by the orthogonal codes, each resultant sequence of length 12 is mapped onto a column of
Resource Elements.
7. Each column of Resource Elements is then processed in the normal way using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT)
to generate the time domain SC-FDMA symbols with their cyclic prefixes.
Cyclic Shift & Orthogonal Codes
The cyclic shifts are a function of both the time slot and the SC-FDMA symbol.
The set of cyclic shifts & orthogonal codes are UE specific and each UE sharing the same pair of Resource Blocks for
PUCCH transmission uses a different combination of cyclic shifts and orthogonal codes. This allows the eNodeB to
differentiate between the transmissions from each UE and represents a form of multiplexing.
The number of cyclic shifts available is dependent upon the 'delta PUCCH shift' parameter signaled by the eNodeB
within an RRC Connection Setup, RRC Connection Reconfiguration or RRC Connection Re-establishment message. This
parameter can be allocated values of 1, 2 or 3.
Allowing an increased number of cyclic shifts increases the number of UE which can share the same pair of PUCCH
Resource Blocks.
However, it can also have a negative impact upon the air-interface performance. Assuming the normal cyclic prefix, the
main body of each SC-FDMA symbol has a duration of 66.67 µsec. When 12 cyclic shifts are permitted, each cyclic shift is
equivalent to 66.67 I 12 = 5.56 µsec. Air-interface performance is likely to degrade if the propagation channel delay
spread exceeds this value. Halving the number of allowed cyclic shifts doubles the maximum allowed delay spread.
After scrambling, a pair of time domain orthogonal codes are applied.
The combination of time domain cyclic shifts and time domain orthogonal codes define the number of UE which can be
multiplexed within a single pair of PUCCH Resource Blocks. The total number of multiplexing possibilities is defined by
the product of the number of cyclic shifts and the number of orthogonal codes.
The number of multiplexing possibilities does not directly translate to the number of UE which can share the same pair
of Resource Blocks because a single UE is allocated more than a single PUCCH resource.
FORMATS 2, 2a, 2b
PUCCH format 2 can be used to transfer a Channel State Information (CSI) report. This report can include Channel Quality
Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indication (PMI), Precoding Type Indication (PTI) and Rank Indication (RI) information. In all
cases, the combinations of CQI, PMI, PTI and RI are coded to a total of 20 bits.
In the case of the extended cyclic prefix, PUCCH format 2 can also be used to signal the combination of a CSI report and
either 1 or 2 HARQ acknowledgements. The combination of CSI report and HARQ acknowledgement(s) is coded to a total of
20 bits so the payload size for PUCCH format 2 remains constant irrespective of whether or not HARQ acknowledgements
are included.
PUCCH formats 2a and 2b are only applicable when using the normal cyclic prefix. PUCCH format 2a provides support for a
CSI report and 1 HARQ acknowledgement, whereas PUCCH format 2b provides support for a CSI report and 2 HARQ
acknowledgements. In both cases, the CSI report is coded to a total of20 bits and the 1 or 2 HARQ acknowledgements are
concatenated without additional coding, i.e. generating 21 bits for PUCCH format 2a, and 22 bits for PUCCH format 2b.
The additional 1 bit belonging to the HARQ acknowledgement for PUCCH format 2a is BPSK modulated to generate a single
modulation symbol. Likewise, the additional 2 bits belonging to the HARQ acknowledgements for PUCCH format 2b are
QPSK modulated to generate a single modulation symbol. In each case, the modulation symbol is used as an input when
generating the PUCCH demodulation Reference Signal, i.e. the eNodeB receiver can deduce the additional bits of
information when detecting the Reference Signal sequence.

The PUCCH demodulation Reference Signal for formats 2, 2a and 2b occupies 2 out of the 7 symbols per time slot when
using the normal cyclic prefix. When using the extended cyclic prefix, the demodulation Reference Signal occupies 1
out of 6 symbols per time slot. In both cases, there are 5 symbols available for PUCCH transmission. This corresponds to 5 x
12 = 60 Resource Elements per time slot.
PUCCH formats 2, 2a and 2b are never transferred during the same subframe as the Sounding Reference Signal. PUCCH
formats 2, 2a and 2b have priority if they coincide with the Sounding Reference Signal.
The Processing to generate PUCCH formats 2, 2a & 2b
The set of 20 bits is scrambled with a UE specific scrambling sequence. The scrambling sequence is dependent upon both
the Physical layer Cell Identity (PCI) which has been allocated to the cell, and the C-RNTI which has been allocated to the UE.
The set of 20 scrambled bits are then QPSK modulated to generate a set of 10 modulation symbols.
The set of 10 modulation symbols are separated into 10 parallel streams. These 10 parallel streams are used to generate the
sequences which are mapped onto the 10 SC-FDMA symbols within the pair of PUCCH Resource Blocks.
Each modulation symbol is multiplied by a cell specific base sequence of length 12. This generates a new sequence of length
12.
Each new sequence of length 12 then has a time domain cyclic shift applied.
The set of cyclic shifts are UE specific and each UE sharing the same pair of Resource Blocks for PUCCH transmission uses a
different set of cyclic shifts. In contrast to PUCCH formats 1, 1 a and 1 b, orthogonal time domain codes are not applied to
PUCCH formats 2, 2a and 2b. This means that the number of UE which can share the same pair of Resource Blocks is
determined only by the number of available cyclic shifts.
PUCCH formats 2, 2a and 2b do not use the 'delta PUCCH shift' parameter to control the number of possible cyclic shifts so
the full set of 12 possible cyclic shifts are available to the eNodeB when allocating PUCCH resources.
After applying the time domain cyclic shifts, each resultant sequence of length 12 is mapped onto a column of Resource
Elements. Each column of Resource Elements is then processed in the normal way using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
(IFFT) to generate the time domain SC-FDMA symbols with their cyclic prefixes.
FORMAT 3
PUCCH format 3 was introduced within the release 10 version of the 3GPP specifications to support the increased number
of HARQ acknowledgements associated with Carrier Aggregation.
in the case of FDD & TDD, there can be up to 5 Component Carriers and each Component Carrier can generate up to 2 HARQ
acknowledgments during each subframe. This generates the requirement to support up to 10 HARQ ACKs.
In the case of TDD, a single uplink subframe may have to acknowledge the data sent during multiple downlink subframes
(depending upon the uplink-downlink subframe configuration).
PUCCH format 3 can also be used to transfer a Scheduling Request (SR) when transmission coincides with a SR subframe. In
contrast to PUCCH formats 1, la and 1 b where the SR is signaled by using the SR PUCCH resource rather than the standard
PUCCH resource, PUCCH format 3 allocates a single bit of information to signal the SR. This additional bit of information is
concatenated with the HARQ acknowledgements.
The total set of bits (HARQ acknowledgements and potentially a SR) has a maximum length of 11 bits for FDD, and a
maximum length of21 bits for TDD. In both cases, the set of bits is coded to generate a resultant set of 48 bits.
The PUCCH demodulation Reference Signal for format 3 occupies 2 out of the 7 symbols per time slot when using the
normal cyclic prefix. When using the extended cyclic prefix, the demodulation Reference Signal occupies 1 out of 6 symbols
per time slot. In both cases, there are 5 symbols available for PUCCH transmission. This corresponds to 5 x 12 = 60 Resource
Elements per time slot.
When transmitting the Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), the final symbol in the subframe becomes unavailable for the
PUCCH. This decreases the number of available Resource Elements within the second time slot to 4 x 12 = 48. In this case, a
length 4 orthogonal code is applied to the sequences belonging to the second time slot.
The Processing to generate PUCCH format 3
The set of 48 bits is scrambled with a UE specific scrambling sequence. The scrambling sequence is dependent upon both
the Physical layer Cell Identity (PCI) which has been allocated to the cell, and the C-RNTI which has been allocated to the UE.
The set of 48 scrambled bits are then QPSK modulated to generate a set of24 modulation symbols.
The set of24 modulation symbols is divided into 2 halves. The first half of 12 symbols is used as an input for the first PUCCH
time slot, while the second half of 12 symbols is used as an input for the second PUCCH time slot.
5 duplicates of the 12 symbols are generated for each time slot and a phase shift is applied to each duplicate. The phase
shifts are a function of the cell's Physical layer Cell Identity (PCI), as well as the SC-FDMA symbol number and time slot
number. The objective of these phase shifts is to help randomize inter-cell interference.
The 10 sequences of length 12 are then multiplied by 2 time domain orthogonal codes of length 5. A single entry from each
orthogonal code is multiplied by each sequence so the resultant 10 sequences remain with a length of 12.
This allows 5 UE to share the same pair of Resource Blocks. This differs from PUCCH formats 1, 1a and 1b where only 3 of
the possible 4 orthogonal codes are used, i.e. all of the available orthogonal codes are used for PUCCH format 3. This is
because the demodulation Reference Signal for PUCCH format 3 does not use orthogonal codes so there is no limitation in
terms of the number of codes supported by the Reference Signal.
A set of time domain cyclic shifts are then applied to the 10 sequences.
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) precoding is applied in a similar way to precoding for the PUSCH. This generates the results
which are mapped onto the set of Resource Elements. Each sequence of length 12 is mapped onto a single column of
Resource Elements. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) is then applied to generate the time domain SC-FDMA symbols.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION (1)
The PUCCH is allocated Resource Blocks at the 2 edges of the channel bandwidth. Each PUCCH transmission uses 1 Resource
Block on each side of the channel bandwidth and these 2 Resource Blocks are distributed across 2 time slots.
The PUCCH is allocated Resource Blocks at the edge of the channel bandwidth to avoid fragmenting the Resource Blocks
available to the PUSCH. Avoiding fragmentation improves the efficiency with which the PUSCH scheduler within the eNodeB
can operate. Allocating PUCCH Resource Blocks at the 2 channel edges also provides frequency diversity.
PUCCH formats 1, 1a and 1 b share one set of Resource Blocks, while PUCCH formats 2, 2a and 2b share another set of
Resource Blocks.

single Resource Block within each time slot can be

shared between PUCCH formats 1, 1a, 1b, 2, 2a and
2b if the number of cyclic shifts available to PUCCH
formats 1, 1a & 1b within the shared Resource Block
parameter (Ncs(1)) is configured with a value greater
than 0. This parameter is broadcast in SIB2 and can
be configured with values between 0 and 7.
PUCCH formats 2, 2a & 2b have Resource Blocks
reserved on the outside edges of the channel
bandwidth. The (NRB(1)) parameter defines the
number of Resource Blocks within each time slot
reserved for PUCCH formats 2, 2a & 2b.
This parameter is broadcast in SIB2 and can be
configured with values between 0 & 98.
RESOURCE ALLOCATION (2)
PUCCH formats 1, 1a and 1b are allocated the next available Resource Blocks after accounting for those which have been
reserved for PUCCH formats 2, 2a and 2b.
If the (Ncs(1)) parameter has been configured with a value greater than 0, the shared Resource Block is positioned between
the format 2 and format 1 allocations.
PUCCH format 3 uses Resource Blocks from within the PUCCH format 2 allocation, i.e. the (NRB(1)) parameter then defines the
no. of Resource Blocks within each time slot reserved for PUCCH formats 2, 2a, 2b & 3.
It is the responsibility of the eNodeB scheduler to ensure that resource allocations for PUCCH format 3 do not coincide with
resource allocations for PUCCH formats 2, 2a and 2b, i.e. they use separate Resource Blocks.
 PUSCH
The Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) is used to transfer:
o RRC signaling messages
o Uplink Control Information (UCI)
o application data

Uplink RRC signaling messages are transferred using the PUSCH, i.e. Signalling Radio Bearers (SRB) use the PUSCH and every
connection has its own set of SRB.
The PUSCH can be modulated using 64QAM, 16QAM or QPSK. The eNodeB selects the appropriate modulation scheme
according to its link adaptation algorithm.
The modulation scheme is signaled to the UE within the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) information belonging to
PDCCH Downlink Control Information (DCI) formats 0 and 4. These DCI are used to signal the uplink resource allocations to
the population of UE.
The PUSCH always uses QPSK when TTI Bundling is enabled.
If the eNodeB instructs a UE to use 64QAM but the UE
does not support 64QAM then 16QAM is selected.
The example shown in the Figure is based upon the 3 MHz
channel bandwidth, i.e. 15 Resource Blocks in the frequency
domain. It is assumed that 4 of the 15 Resource Blocks are
allocated to the PUCCH. It is also assumed that the radio
frame includes a single 2ms PRACH transmission.
The eNodeB is responsible for sharing the set of PUSCH
Resource Blocks shown between the population of UE.
The variable having the greatest impact upon the
percentage of Resource Elements available to the PUSCH
is the number of Resource Blocks allocated to the PUCCH.
In general, the number of Resource Blocks allocated to the
PUCCH will increase for the larger channel bandwidths.