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Textile Complex

Textile Complex
 The Stages of development in Textile Complex as per the
theory given by Toyne in 1984 “The Global Textile Industry”
 The Embryonic Stage
 Early Export of Apparel
 More advanced production of fabric and apparel
 The Golden Age
 Full Maturity
 Significant Decline
The Embryonic Stage

 This stage is found in least developed countries.


 Textile and clothing industries develops in the form of
cottage industry

 Dependent on natural fibers


 Use natural fibers for making fabrics and garments
mainly for domestic consumption and also attempting
to export to earn some foreign exchange
Early Export of Apparels

 Labor cost is low.


 Initial stage of the development of national economy
 Because of above two reasons the most intensive part
of the textile complex apparel manufacturing picks up
momentum.

 Garments produced are of low quality and for the lower


end of the export market.
More Advanced Production of Fabric & Apparel

 Country experienced the benefits and potential of the


apparel exports

 Development of advanced base for producing fibers


and fabrics.

 With experience in garment manufacturing, at this


stage merchandise produced is of better quality and
the unit value realization improves.
 Self sufficient to meet the domestic needs and also
exports substantially

 International companies start investing in the industry


to take advantage of the relatively lower labor cost and
the availability of cheaper raw material.
The Golden Age

 Indicates sophisticated textile and apparel industry


production

 Ability to produce high quality value added products.


 Industry becomes an international force to recognize
with.

 Local economy improves, standard of living goes up


 Cost of labor start to rise
 The leaders in the industry forge to joint venture
arrangements in other parts of the world to take
advantage of low labor cost, easy availability of raw
material and proximity of market place.
Full Maturity

 Though the total output of the industry continues to


increase , employment in the textile sector starts to
decline

 Large capital investments are made to compete with


low cost competitors.

 The countries at this stage start using offshore


production in a big way
Significant Decline
 The number of firms and the total number of workers in
the textile complex decline significantly leading to trade
deficit mainly in labor intensive apparel sector. Only few
segments of the textile complex remain healthy and
others loose significantly.

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