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Design of members
subjected to bending
Dr S R Satish Kumar
Department of Civil Engineering
I I T Madras, Chennai 600 036
sr.satishkumar@gmail.com
T
T
X
u
Ta
Z V
Vf h
f
Ta
lc l = l /r
10
STRENGTH CURVE FOR AN IDEAL Beam
Plastic yield
11
SIMILARITY OF COLUMN BUCKLING AND BEAM BUCKLING -1
Y
P M
X
Z
B B
B B
M
P
u u
Section B-B
Section B-B
Column buckling
EA EI y Beam buckling
EIx >EIy
l 3
l EIx >GJ
A y Lateral
Deflection
M M
A z
Elevation
l
x
Section
θ
Plan Section A-A
Twisting
(a) (b)
1
Π2 E Iy Γ
E I y G J
Π
2
M cr 2
L L
or
1
1 Π 2 E Γ
M cr E I y G J 2 1 2
Π 2
L L G J
Mcr
Plastic Inelastic Elastic
Range Range Range
Mp
My
Mo Mo
Unbraced Length, L
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED
Distance between lateral supports to the compression
flange.
Restraints at the ends and at intermediate support
locations (boundary conditions).
Type and position of the loads.
Moment gradient along the unsupported length.
Type of cross-section.
Non-prismatic nature of the member.
Material properties.
Magnitude and distribution of residual stresses.
Initial imperfections of geometry and eccentricity of
loading.
• Support Conditions
• effective (unsupported) length
• Level of load application
• stabilizing or destabilizing ?
• Type of loading
• Uniform or moment gradient ?
• Shape of cross-section
• open or closed section ?
1
LT 1.0
[ LT LT lLT
2
2 0.5
]
LT 0.5 1 LT lLT 0.2 lLT 2
LT = 0.21 for rolled section, lLT b Z p f y / M cr
LT = 0.49 for welded section
Cont…
2 EI y 2
EI
M cr GI t 2
w
KL
2
KL
2 0.5
LT EI y h
2
1 KL / ry
M cr 1
2( KL) 2 20 h / t f
APPENDIX F ELASTIC LATERAL TORSIONAL BUCKLING
Mmax Mmax
Mmax
• Effective slenderness
- when the point of max. moment is laterally unsupported
Positive Negative
B
T
t
h
D X X
24
Dr S R Satish Kumar, IIT Madras
EFFECTIVE LATERAL RESTRAINT