A Seminar Presentation On

“SINGLE STAGE SOLAR PV FED BRUSHLESS DC

MOTOR DRIVEN WATER PUMP”

Department of Electrical Engineering

Rajasthan Technical University, Kota

Submitted To: Submitted by:

Prof. S.C. MITTAL SIR MITESH GOYAL(15EUCEE043)

MR.CHHATRAPAL SIR BATCH – EE3
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 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION

 CONVENTIONAL TWO STAGE MODEL

 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL AND PROPOSED MODEL

 SINGLE STAGE MODEL

 CONFIGURATION OF PROPOSED MODEL

 PV ARRAY
 DC LINK CAPACITOR
 MPPT
 BLDC MOTOR
 VOLTAGE – SOURCE INVERTER

 CONCLUSION
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 REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION
 In order to optimize the solar photovoltaic (PV) generated
power using a maximum power point tracking technique, a
dc–dc conversion stage is usually required in solar PV fed
water pumping which is driven by a brushless dc (BLDC)
motor.
 This Topic addresses a single stage solar PV energy
conversion system feeding a BLDC motor-pump, which
eliminates the dc–dc conversion stage.
 A simple control technique capable of operating the solar PV
array at its peak power using a common voltage source
inverter is proposed for BLDC motor control. 3
CONVENTIONAL TWO STAGE MODEL

Fig.1 Conventional BLDC motor drive with phase current sensors 4

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Fig. 2 Conventional BLDC motor drive without phase current sensors
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL MODEL
AND PROPOSED MODEL
The Aforementioned Conventional Model adopt two stage solar energy conversion
System which essentially require an intermediate DC-DC converter to optimize the
Operating power point of PV array.
 DC- DC power conversion causes an increased cost, Size, Complexity and
Reduced efficiency.
 The present topic proposes a single stage solar energy conversion system which
Completely eliminates the dc-dc conversion stage.
 It is capable of operating the solar PV array at its peak power using the same
VSI used for motor control.
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SINGLE STAGE MODEL

Fig.3 Proposed water pumping based on a single stage solar PV energy

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conversion system
CONFIGURATION OF PROPOSED MODEL

1. PV ARRAY

2. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING(MPPT)

3. BRUSHLESS DC MOTOR

4. VOLTAGE SOURCE INVERTER

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 PV ARRAY

A photovoltaic array is multiple solar panels electrically

wired together to form a much larger PV installation and
in general the larger the total surface area of the array, the
more solar electricity it will produce.
 The amount and intensity of solar insolation (solar
irradiance) controls the amount of output current ( I ), and
the operating temperature of the solar cells affects the
output voltage ( V ) of the PV array.

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THE EQUIVALENT ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT OF A
SINGLE SOLAR CELL

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Fig. 6
SPECIFICATIONS OF PV MODULE

SPECIFICATIONS OF PV MODULES
Open Circuit Voltage ,Vo 19.8V
Short Circuit Current ,Io 4.8A
MPP Voltage, Vm 15.44V
MPP Current, Im 4.3A

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 SOME PARAMETERS OF A SOLAR ARRAY

VOC = open-circuit voltage: – (Terminal are not connected to

load)
 Voc>>> Vmax which relates to the operation of the PV
array which is fixed by the load.
 Voc depends upon the number of PV panels connected
together in series.

ISC = short-circuit current – (The output connectors are

shorted together)
 Isc>>Imax
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Pmax = maximum power point –
This relates to the point where the power supplied by
the array that is connected to the load (batteries,
inverters) is at its maximum value, where Pmax = Imaxx
Vmax.
The maximum power point of a photovoltaic array is
measured in Watts (W) or peak Watts (Wp).

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DC-link capacitor
 A small capacitor connected across the PV array serves as
the dc link capacitor of VSI. This capacitor carries the
ripple current, which is given as:-
 iC = ipv − idc
 A high switching frequency results in a reduction in the
size of dc link capacitor. It also improves the transient
response, and avoids the frequency bands in which noise
would be disruptive

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 MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING
 It produce maximum temperature and irradiance.
 The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is the automatic control
algorithm to adjust the power interfaces and achieve the greatest possible
power harvest, during moment to moment variations of light level,
shading, temperature and photovoltaic module characteristics.
 The various techniques adopted for MPPT include:

a) Perturb & Observe method

b) Incremental Conductance method
c) Current Sweep
d) Constant voltage method
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Fig-7 V-I and P-V curves for a solar array 16
 An INC–MPPT approach is adopted to track the optimum operating
point of solar PV array. The flow diagram of this algorithm is shown
below.

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 BLDC MOTOR
 Brushless DC electric motor also known as electronically
commutated motors (ECMs, EC motors) are synchronous motors
that are powered by a DC electric source via an integrated
inverter/switching power supply, which produces an AC electric
signal to drive the motor .

 Usually the BLDCM has trapezoidal back- Emf waveform and stator
is fed by rectangular stator current and theoretically it gives a
constant torque but the torque ripple exists due to emf waveform
imperfection, current ripple and phase current commutation.
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 The waveforms of the stator phase current and back emf
of a BLDC motor is shown in Fig.4 below:

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 The motor requires a rotor position sensor for starting and for
providing proper commutation sequence to turn on the power
devices in the inverter bridge
 Instead of commutating the armature current using brushes,
electronic commutation is used for this reason it is an electronic
motor.
 An optimum duty ratio (generated by MPPT algorithm) acting as
a duty ratio for the VSI, regulates input voltage to the motor by
chopping action of the VSI. Ultimately, the motor input voltage
regulates the operating speed.
 As the duty ratio is varied by the MPPT algorithm, following the
atmospheric condition, the speed of the motor is adjusted
accordingly 20
COMPARISON BETWEEN BRUSSED DC
MOTOR AND BLDC MOTOR

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 BLDC MOTOR SPECIFICATIONS

Power , Pm 3.45 KW
Speed , N 3000 rpm
No. of Poles ,P 6
Resistance , Rs 0.92Ω
Inductance , Ls 2.8 mH
Motor Torque Constant ,Kt 0.74 Nm/A
Motor Voltage Constant ,Ke 78V/krpm
Moment of Inertia ,J 20.8 kg.cm

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VOLTAGE-SOURCE INVERTER
 Convert DC input voltage into square output voltage to
feed the BLDC motor.
 There are two possible modes of conduction of a three
phase inverter .
a) 180 degree conduction
b) 120 degree conduction
 The inverter here operates in the 120 degree conduction
mode.

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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF VSI

Fig. 5 Circuit dia. Of VSI 24

WAVEFORM OF VSI

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Fig. 5
SWITCHING PULSES FOR VSI
 An optimum duty ratio D generated by the execution of
INC–MPPT is compared with a high-frequency
sawtooth carrier wave in order to get a high-frequency
PWM pulse, as shown in Fig.10 .

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 A high output (ON) results in only if both inputs to the
AND gate are high. Therefore, the AND gate alters only
the ON period of a fundamental frequency pulse with the
frequency of sawtooth wave.
 Thus, the control of proposed water pumping system is
realized by compounding the INC–MPPT algorithm and
electronic commutation.

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 CONCLUSION
 The Topology of The Proposed System has provided a dc-dc
Converter less solution for PV fed BLDC motor driven water
Pumping.
 The Motor Phase Current Sensing Elements have been eliminated
,resulting in a simple and cost effective drive.
 The System has been simulated using the MATLAB toolboxes
and implemented on an experimental Prototype.
 Other Desired Functions are the Speed control without any
additional circuit and a soft start of the motor pump.

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 REFERENCES
 “Single Stage Solar PV Fed Brushless DC Motor Driven Water Pump” -
https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7914713
 S.S. Chandel, M. Nagaraju Naik and Rahul Chandel, “Review of solar
photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and
community drinking water supplies,” Renewable Sustain. Energy Rev., vol.
49, pp. 1084-1099, Sept. 2015
 Vimal Chand Sontake and Vilas R. Kalamkar, “Solar photovoltaic water
pumping system - A comprehensive review,” Renewable Sustain. Energy
Rev., vol. 59, pp. 1038-1067, June 2016.
 Y. Zhou, D. Zhang, X. Chen and Q. Lin, “Sensorless Direct Torque Control
for Saliency Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors,” IEEE Trans.
Energy Convers., vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 446-454, June 2016.
 A report on “ Standalone PV array with Battery as an storage Element
Device” by Anamika Sinha , Swasthik Shahu , NIT Raurkela
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THANK YOU!

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