Analog

electronics
lab
 Design and construct a variable
voltage regulated power supply

O Presented To: Hafiz Imran Haider

O Presented By: Rashid Hussain
O Roll No: BS-PHY-16-32
O CLASS: BS-Physics(Morning)

University of Sahiwal
Design and
construct a
variable voltage
regulated power
supply
Introduction
Almost all basic household
electronics circuits need an
unregulated AC to be
converted to constant DC,
in order to operate the
electronic device.
But the supply provided
from mains may be
fluctuating and could easily
break down the electronic
equipment, if not properly
limited.
All devices will have a
certain power supply limits
and electronic circuits This DC supply is regulated
inside these devices must and limited in terms of
be able to supply a voltage and current
constant DC voltage within
its limits.
This work of converting an
unregulated AC or voltage
to limited DC or voltage to
make the output constant
regardless of fluctuations in
input, is done by a
regulated power supply
circuit.
Unregulated power supply block diagram
IN FIG, A SMALL STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER IS USED TO REDUCE THE VOLTAGE LEVEL OF
DEVICES NEEDS.
 When load varies,
the output does
Poor Regulation:
not appear
constant.
Disadvantages
of unregulated
The output
voltages changes This is due to the
power supply
by a great value high internal
due to the huge resistance of
change in current power
drawn from supply(30ohm)
supply.
Disadvantages of unregulated power supply

AC Supply Main Variations:

The maximum variation in AC supply mains is give

or take 6% of its rated value.

But this value may go higher in some countries(180-

280V)

When the value is higher it’s DC voltage output will

differ largely.
Disadvantages of unregulated power supply

TEMPERATURE VARIATION: THE USE OF DEVICES MAY CAUSE

SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES VARIATION IN
IN ELECTRONIC TEMPERATURE
 Regulated power supply is an electronic
circuit that is designed to provide a
constant DC voltage of predetermined
value across load terminals irrespective or
AC mains fluctuations or load variations.
Regulated
power supply
A regulated power supply essentially
consists of an ordinary power supply and a
voltage regulating device.
Transformer

A step down This output voltages is

The input of transformer
transformer is used to customized by
is 230V mains, the
step down the voltage changing the turns
output is provided to
from input AC to the ratio of transformer
full bridge rectifier
required voltage of according to the
circuit.
electronic devices. electronic devices.
 The FWR consist of 4 diodes which
rectifies the output AC voltage or
current from the transistor to its
equivalent DC quantity.

Full wave
As the name implies the FWR
rectifier rectifier both half’s of AC input.
circuit

The rectified DC output is given as

input to the filter circuit.
 The filter circuit is used to convert
the high rippled DC output of the
Filter circuit FWR to ripple free DC content.
A filter is used to make the
waveform ripples free
 Continue

 The AC voltage, typically 230V is connected to a transformer which

transforms that AC voltage to the level of desired DC output.
 A bridge rectifier then provides a full wave rectified voltage that is
initially filtered by a filter to produce DC voltage.
 The resulting DC voltage usually has some ripples or AC voltage
variations.
 A regulating circuit use this DC input to provide DC voltage that not
only has much less ripples voltage but also remain constant if input
DC voltage varies.
 Load Regulation:

The load regulation or load effect is the change in Power supply

regulated output voltage when the load current
changes from minimum to maximum value. characteristics

Load regulation= Vno-load-Vfull -load

  Minimum Load Resistance:
Power supply
The load resistance at which a power supply delivers its full-load
characteristics rated current at rated voltage is referred to as minimum load
resistance.

Minimum Load Resistance= Vfull-load/Ifull-load

Output Impedance:

A regulated power supply is a very stiff

DC voltage source.

This means that the output resistance is Power supply

very small.
characteristics
If external load resistance is varied, then
no change is seen in the load voltage.

An ideal voltage source has an output

impedance of zero.